IPC-TM-650 EN 2022 试验方法-- - 第364页
Note 2— Note 3— Note 4 — Note 5— Note 6— Not e 7 — IPC-TM-650 Number Subject Date Revision Page 2 of 3 2.4.41 Coefficient of Linear Thermal Expansion of Electrical Insulating Materials1 3/86 Instruments from du Pont and …
ASTM D-618
ASTM-D-696
Note 1—
The Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits
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Material in this Test Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of the IPC. This material is advisory only
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Page 1 of 3
IPC-TM-650
TEST
METHODS
MANUAL
1
.0
Scope
1.1
This
method
covers
determination
of
the
coefficient
of
linear
thermal
expansion
of
electrical
insulating
materials1
by
use
of
a
thermomechanical
analyzer.
1
.2
This
method
is
applicable
to
materials
that
are
solid
over
the
entire
range
of
temperature
used,
and
that
retain
sufficient
hardness
and
rigidity
over
the
temperature
range
so
that
irre¬
versible
indentation
of
the
specimen
by
the
sensing
probe
does
not
occur.
1.3
Transition
temperatures
also
may
be
obtained
by
this
method.
2
.0
Applicable
Documents
Conditioning
Plastics
and
Electrical
Insulating
Materials
for
Testing2
Test
for
Coefficient
of
Linear
Thermal
Expan¬
sion
of
Plastics3
3
.0
Summary
of
Method
3.1
This
method
used
a
thermomechanical
analyzer
with
an
X-Y
recorder
to
graph
the
change
of
dimension
as
a
function
of
temperature
of
a
small
specimen
of
a
solid
electrical
insu¬
lating
material.
Coefficients
of
linear
thermal
expansion
can
be
calculated
from
the
graph.
Other
thermal
observations
may
also
be
made.
-Other
rapid
thermal
analysis
methods
are
being
studied
by
ASTM
Subcommittees
D09.17
and
D20.30.
4
.0
Significance
4.1
Measurements
of
coefficient
of
linear
thermal
expansion
are
useful
in
evaluating
the
suitability
of
solid
insulating
mate¬
rials
for
use
in
combination
with
other
materials
where
mechanical
stresses
may
develop
as
a
result
of
differences
in
coefficients.
Number
2.4.41
Subject
Coefficient
of
Linear
Thermal
Expansion
of
Electrical
Insulating
Materials1
Date
Revision
3/86
Originating
Task
Group
N/A
4.2
This
method
may
be
compared
with
Method
D-696,
but
tests
made
with
this
method
use
much
smaller
specimens.
This
eliminates
the
need
for
large
liquid
baths
and
greatly
reduces
the
time
required
to
reach
temperature
equilibrium.
As
a
result,
the
time
required
for
making
a
test
is
less
than
for
Method
D-696,
and
the
method
can
conveniently
be
used
over
a
wider
temperature
range
than
for
Method
D-696.
5
.0
Apparatus
5.1
The
thermomechanical
analyzer
shall
include:
5.1.1
A
specimen
holder
and
probe,
into
which
the
speci¬
men
can
be
placed.
Changes
in
height
of
the
specimen
are
sensed
by
movement
of
the
probe.
The
shape
and
size
of
the
probe
shall
be
such
that
for
the
material
tested
the
load
applied
to
the
specimen
by
the
probe
shall
not
cause
inden¬
tation
of
the
specimen
within
the
range
of
temperatures
of
interest.
5.1.2
Means
for
sensing
movement
of
the
probe
resulting
from
changes
in
height
of
the
specimen
and
for
translating
these
movements
into
a
signal
suitable
for
input
to
the
recorder.
The
sensing
element
should
be
capable
of
produc¬
ing
a
movement
of
the
recorder
pen
of
at
least
1
000
times
the
change
in
height
of
the
test
specimen,
with
provisions
for
less
sensitive
ranges
when
needed.
5.1.3
Means
for
uniformly
heating
the
specimen
holder
at
a
predetermined
rate
over
the
range
of
temperatures
of
interest.
This
will
consist
of
a
furnace
and
temperature
controller
with
provisions
for
precooking
the
furnace
and
specimen
holder
when
measurements
at
subambient
temperatures
are
to
be
made.
5.1.4
Means
for
measuring
temperature
in
immediate
prox¬
imity
to
the
test
specimen.
5.1.5
An
X-Y
recorder
for
recording
changes
in
specimen
height
as
a
function
of
specimen
temperature.
1
.
This
method
is
under
the
jurisdiction
of
ASTM
Committee
D-9
on
Electrical
Insulating
Materials
and
is
the
direct
responsibility
of
Subcommittee
D09.01
on
Electri¬
cal
Insulating
Varnishes,
Powders,
and
Encapsulating
Compounds.
2.
Annual
Book
of
ASTM
Standards,
Part
39.
3.
Annual
Book
of
ASTM
Standards,
Part
35.
Note 2—
Note 3—
Note 4—
Note 5—
Note 6—
Note 7—
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 2 of 3
2.4.41
Coefficient
of
Linear
Thermal
Expansion
of
Electrical
Insulating
Materials1
3/86
Instruments
from
du
Pont
and
Perkin
Elmer
have
been
found
suitable.
6
.0
Test
Specimens
6.1
The
test
specimen
shall
be
between
.05
and
0.3
inches
thick.
This
thickness
may
be
as
received
or
may
be
laminated
by
the
user
from
pre-impregnated
"B”
stage
and
copper
free
“C”
stage
material.
It
laminated
by
the
user,
the
user
shall
be
responsible
to
contact
the
manufacturer
for
the
exact
layup
and
process
parameters
used
for
quality
acceptance
at
the
manufacturers
facility.
Repeatability
of
Test
Results
will
vary
with
layup,
bake
out,
laminating
pressure/ramp
speed,
press
time,
etc.
6.2
Specimens
should
be
between
0.3
and
0.4
inches
in
height
and
have
flat
and
parallel
upper
and
lower
surfaces.
The
surfaces
to
be
measured
shall
be
perpendicular
to
the
fiber
fillers
and
the
identity
of
the
direction
of
the
fiber
fillers
shall
be
maintained
throughout
the
test.
The
upper
and
lower
surfaces
shall
be
polished
with
600
grit
paper
to
remove
burrs
or
strands
of
fiber
filler.
The
specimens
shall
then
be
cleaned
using
isopropyl
alcohol,
and
dried
for
1
hour
at
10℃
above
the
maximum
specified
temperature
of
the
run.
The
1
hour
prebake
may
be
eliminated
if
Condition
(7.),
is
performed
immediately
after
final
polish.
6.3
There
shall
be
three
specimens
prepared
from
the
same
piece
of
material
for
each
direction
to
be
measured.
7
.0
Conditioning
7.1
Conditioning
of
test
specimen
shall
include
immersion
in
isopropyl
alcohol
with
agitation
for
20
seconds,
followed
by
Condition
E-1/1
10
and
C-|
40/23/50
in
accordance
with
D-618.
8
.0
Calibration
8.1
Calibrate
the
apparatus
in
accordance
with
the
instru¬
ment
manufacturer's
recommendations.
9
.0
Procedure
9.1
Measure
the
height
of
the
specimen.
9.2
Place
the
specimen
in
the
specimen
holder
under
the
probe.
The
thermocouple
or
other
means
for
sensing
speci¬
men
temperature
should
be
in
contact
with
the
specimen,
or
as
near
to
the
specimen
as
possible.
9.3
Assemble
the
furnace
to
the
specimen
holder.
If
mea¬
surements
at
subambient
temperatures
are
to
be
made,
cool
the
specimen
holder
and
furnace
to
at
least
20℃
below
the
lowest
temperature
of
interest,
using
procedures
as
given
by
the
instrument
manufacturer.
The
refrigerant
used
for
cooling
shall
not
come
into
direct
contact
with
the
specimen.
The
temperature
range
to
be
tested
shall
be
speci¬
fied
by
the
user,
so
that
the
manufacturer
and
user
will
test
over
the
same
temperature
range.
If
tested
over
different
tem¬
perature
ranges,
the
repeatability
may
be
unacceptable.
9.4
Place
weights
on
the
sensing
probe
to
ensure
that
the
probe
is
in
contact
with
the
specimen
with
a
1
to
3-g
load.
9.5
Increase
the
furnace
temperature
at
5
=
0.5℃/min.
over
the
desired
temperature
range.
9.6
Record
the
specimen
temperature
and
change
in
speci¬
men
height
using
appropriate
ranges
on
the
X-Y
recorder.
A
gas
purge
may
be
used
to
replace
the
air
around
the
specimen
for
measurement
of
expansion
in
different
atmo¬
spheres.
9.7
Test
at
least
three
specimens
of
the
same
material.
Retest
of
a
specimen
may
be
used
only
as
reference
and
shall
not
be
treated
as
an
independent
test
of
a
new
specimen.
10
.0
Calculation
10.1
Calculate
the
average
coefficient
of
thermal
expan¬
sions,
a,
over
the
temperature
intervals
of
interest
as
follows:
a
=
(
△
H/AT)/H
where:
H
二
original
height
of
specimen,
A
H
=
change
in
height
of
the
specimen
(in
the
same
units)
over
the
temperature
interval
AT,
and
AT
=
temperature
interval,
(see
Figure
1).
AH
and
AT
may
on
some
instruments
be
read
directly
from
the
recorder
chart.
On
other
instruments
con¬
stant
factors
may
need
to
be
applied
to
the
chart
readings
to
obtain
these
values.
11
.0
Report
Figure 1 Specimen height versus temperature
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 3 of 3
2.4.41
Coefficient
of
Linear
Thermal
Expansion
of
Electrical
Insulating
Materials1
3/86
Temperature
IPC-2441-1
11.1
The
report
shall
include
the
following:
11.1.7
Transition
temperatures,
if
noted.
11.1.1
Designation
of
the
material,
including
the
name
of
the
manufacturer
and
information
on
composition
when
known.
11.1.2
Method
of
preparation
of
the
test
specimen.
11.1.3
Specimen
orientation
with
respect
to
original
sample,
if
applicable.
11.1.4
Sample
size.
11.1.5
Temperatures
between
which
the
coefficient
of
linear
thermal
expansion
has
been
determined.
11.1.8
Instrument
manufacturer
and
model
number.
11.1.9
Purge
gas,
if
used,
and
rate
of
gas
flow,
and
11.1.10
X-Y
chart
record.
NOTE
The
preceding
test
method
was
originally
ASTM
D3386-75,
until
modified
for
use
by
IPG
for
round-robin
test¬
ing
of
organic
substrate
materials.
Upon
completion
of
the
test
program,
recommendations
for
revision
will
be
made
to
ASTM.
11.1.6
Average
coefficient
of
linear
thermal
expansion
per
degree
Celsius.