IPC-TM-650 EN 2022 试验方法-- - 第576页

T a ble 1 Application of I nitial V oltage Breakdown voltage by short-time method Adjust 50% of breakdown voltage to nearest 25 kilo vo lts or less 1.0 kilovolt (unless otherwise specified) Over 25 to 50 kilovolts. inclus…

100%1 / 824
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 2 of 3
10/86
Dielectric
Breakdown
Voltage
and
Dielectric
Strength
opposing
cylindrical
rods
6.4
mm
in
diameter,
with
edges
rounded
to
a
radius
of
0.75
mm.
The
upper
movable
elec¬
trodes
shall
weigh
45.35g
±
2g.
When
6.4
mm
electrodes
are
used,
it
is
advisable
that
they
be
surrounded
by
guard
elec¬
trodes
or
shrouds.
4.5.1
The
dielectric
strength
of
an
insulating
material
varies
with
the
thickness
of
the
material
and
the
area
and
geometry
of
the
test
electrodes,
and
these
should
be
specified
in
the
specification.
Tests
made
with
different
electrodes
are
not
comparable.
Where
materials
are
made
up
into
forms
of
uni¬
form
thickness,
such
as
sheets
and
plates,
tests
shall
be
made
upon
that
thickness
of
material.
In
other
cases,
a
thick¬
ness
of
the
test
specimen
and
diameter
and
shape
of
the
electrode
have
been
selected,
which
are
compatible
with
con¬
venience
of
testing.
4.6
Equipment
Testing
Apparatus
4.6.1
For
Tests
Made
in
Air
Use
may
be
made
of
any
well
designed
oven
of
sufficient
size
to
hold
the
test
equipment.
It
should
be
provided
with
some
means
of
circulating
air
so
that
approximately
constant
temperature
is
maintained
around
the
test
specimen
and
with
a
thermometer
or
thermocouple
for
measuring
the
temperature
as
near
the
point
of
test
as
prac¬
ticable
to
the
nearest
1
℃.
4.6.2
For
Test
Under
Oil
Use
may
be
made
of
an
oil
bath,
provided
with
some
means
for
circulating
the
oil
so
that
the
temperature
is
substantially
uniform
around
the
test
speci¬
mens
and
with
a
thermometer
or
thermocouple
for
measuring
the
temperature
as
near
the
point
of
test
as
practicable
to
the
nearest
1
℃.
5
Procedure
5.1
Test
Medium
The
medium
to
be
used
in
the
tests
should
be
specified
in
the
specification.
In
general,
it
is
prefer¬
able
to
test
materials
in
the
medium,
whether
air
or
oil,
in
which
they
are
to
be
used.
Where
conditions
of
use
are
not
well
defined,
materials
should
be
tested
in
air
up
to
the
point
where
the
breakdown
is
so
high
that
an
excessive
amount
of
material
is
required
to
prevent
flashover
to
excessive
burning
of
the
surface.
For
specimens
having
a
high
breakdown,
such
as
the
thicker
and
highgrade
materials,
it
is
usually
necessary
to
make
dielectric
strength
tests
under
oil:
however;
it
should
be
understood
that
breakdown
values
obtained
under
oil
are
not
comparable
with
those
obtained
in
air.
5.2
Preparing
Specimens
5.2.1
In
the
preparation
of
test
specimens,
care
shall
be
taken
to
have
the
surfaces
adjacent
to
the
electrodes
parallel
and
as
plane
and
smooth
as
the
material
permits.
The
dielec¬
tric
strength
of
an
insulating
material
varies
with
the
thickness
of
the
test
specimen.
Therefore,
tests
on
specimens
of
differ¬
ent
thicknesses
are
not
comparable.
The
thickness
used
shall
be
the
average
thickness
of
the
sample
measured
as
specified
in
the
specification
involved.
5.2.2
The
dielectric
strength
of
most
insulating
materials
var¬
ies
with
temperature
and
humidity.
The
test
coiditions
to
be
used
should
be
specified
in
the
specification.
Usually
it
is
desirable
to
determine
the
dielectric
behavior
of
a
material
over
the
range
of
temperature
and
humidity
to
which
it
is
likely
to
be
subjected
in
use.
When
required,
materials
may
be
con¬
ditioned
in
a
suitably
controlled
chamber.
The
test
specimen
shall
be
kept
in
the
chamber
long
enough
to
reach
a
uniform
temperature
and
humidity
prior
to
testing.
When
required,
the
dielectric
strength
tests
shall
be
made
on
the
specimen
while
still
in
the
conditioning
chamber.
For
purpose
of
tests,
a
high-
voltage
conductor
may
be
conveniently
carried
into
the
cham¬
ber
through
an
insulating
bushing.
5.3
Positioning
and
Care
of
Electrodes
Electrodes
shall
be
held
truly
coaxial.
Where
electrodes
have
flat
test
faces,
the
latter
shall
be
parallel
to
each
other.
The
test
faces
shall
be
kept
smooth
and
polished
and
free
from
pitting.
5.4
Application
of
Voltage
5.4.1
Test
for
Specified
Minimum
Requirement
The
voltage
shall
be
applied
and
increased
at
a
uniform
rate
from
zero
to
the
value
specified
in
the
material
specification
and
shall
be
held
at
the
value
for
the
specified
time.
Unless
other¬
wise
specified,
the
rate
of
rise
per
second
shall
be
5%
of
the
specified
voltage.
Note
that
this
test
is
to
check
for
ability
to
withstand
a
specified
voltage
and
not
to
determine
the
break¬
down
value.
5.4.2
Test
to
Breakdown,
Short-time
Test
The
voltage
shall
be
increased
from
zero
to
breakdown
at
a
uniform
rate.
The
rate
of
rise
shall
be
0.5
or
1
.0
kilovolts
per
second,
depending
on
the
total
test
time
required
and
the
voltage-time
characteristic
of
the
material.
The
rate
of
rise
of
voltage
should
be
specified
in
the
material
specification.
Table 1 Application of Initial Voltage
Breakdown voltage by
short-time method
Adjust 50% of breakdown
voltage to nearest
25 kilovolts or less 1.0 kilovolt (unless
otherwise specified)
Over 25 to 50 kilovolts.
inclusive
2.0 kilovolts
Over 50 to 100 kilovolts,
inclusive
5.0 kilovolts
Over 100 kilovolts 10.0 kilovolts
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 3 of 3
2.5.6.3
Dielectric
Breakdown
Voltage
and
Dielectric
Strength
10/86
5.4.3
Test
to
Breakdown,
Step-by-Step
Test
An
initial
voltage
shall
be
applied
equal
to
50
of
the
breakdown
voltage
in
the
short-time
test,
adjusted
as
shown
in
Table
1
.
The
voltage
shall
then
be
increased
in
equal
increments
as
stated
in
the
various
material
specifications,
the
voltage
being
held
at
each
step
for
a
definite
time
as
stated
in
the
specifica¬
tions.
The
change
from
each
step
to
the
next
higher
shall
be
made
as
rapidly
as
possible
and
the
time
of
change
included
in
the
succeeding
test
interval.
5.4.4
Test
to
Breakdown,
Slow-Rate-of-T
est
An
initial
voltage
shall
be
applied
equal
to
approximately
50%
of
the
breakdown
voltage
in
the
short
time
test,
unless
otherwise
specified.
The
voltage
shall
then
be
increased
at
a
uniform
rate
up
to
the
point
of
breakdown.
Unless
otherwise
specified,
the
rate
should
be
chosen
to
give
approximately
the
same
voltage-time
exposure
of
the
test
specimen,
as
provided
in
the
step-by-step
test.
5.4.5
Determining
Rate
of
Rise
of
Voltage
The
rate
of
voltage
rise
may
be
calculated
from
measurements
of
time
required
to
raise
the
voltage
between
two
prescribed
values.
When
motord
riven
regulating
equipment
is
used,
the
speed¬
control
rheostat
may
be
calibrated
in
terms
of
voltage
rise
for
any
particular
test
transformer.
5.5
Number
of
Tests
Unless
otherwise
specified,
five
tests
shall
be
made.
If
the
average
deviation
from
the
mean
exceeds
1
0%
or
if
any
individual
test
deviates
more
than
1
5%
from
the
mean,
five
additional
tests
shall
be
made.
5.6
Report
The
report
shall
include
the
following
data:
1
.
The
average
thickness
of
the
sample
2.
Breakdown
voltage
at
each
puncture
3.
Volts
per
mil
for
each
puncture
4.
The
average,
maximum,
and
minimum
volts
per
0.0075
mm
for
each
sample
5.
The
temperature
of
the
surrounding
medium
should
be
recorded
6.
The
RH%
of
the
surrounding
air
7.
The
conditioning
treatment
8.
The
duration
of
the
test
9.
In
the
step-by-step
test,
the
value
of
the
initially
applied
voltage
and
the
voltage
increment
1
0.
In
the
slow
rate
of
rise
test,
the
value
of
the
initially
applied
voltage
and
the
rate
of
rise
of
the
voltage
1
1
.
The
size
and
type
of
electrodes
12.
The
test
medium
(air
or
type
of
oil)
6
Notes
Due
to
the
high
voltage
used
in
this
test
method,
extreme
caution
should
be
exercised.
Material in this Test Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of IPC. This material is advisory only
and its use or adaptation is entirely voluntary. IPC disclaims all liability of any kind as to the use, application, or adaptation of this
material. Users are also wholly responsible for protecting themselves against all claims or liabilities for patent infringement.
Equipment referenced is for the convenience of the user and does not imply endorsement by IPC.
Page 1 of 2
r
ASSOCIATION
CONNECTING
/
ELECTRONICS
INDUSTRIES
®
221
5
Sanders
Road
Northbrook,
IL
60062-6135
IPC-TM-650
TEST
METHODS
MANUAL
1
Scope
The
dielectric
withstanding
voltage
test
(also
called
high-potential,
over
potential,
voltage
breakdown,
or
dielectric
strength
test)
consists
of
the
application
of
a
voltage
higher
than
rated
voltage
for
a
specific
time
between
mutually
isolated
portions
of
a
PCB
or
between
isolated
portions
and
ground.
This
is
used
to
prove
that
the
PCB
can
operate
safely
at
its
rated
voltage
and
withstand
momentary
over
potentials
due
to
switching,
surges,
and
other
similar
phenomena.
Although
this
test
is
often
called
a
voltage
breakdown
or
dielectric
strength
test,
it
is
not
intended
that
this
test
cause
insulation
breakdown
or
that
it
be
used
for
detecting
corona,
rather
it
serves
to
determine
whether
insulating
materials
and/or
conductor
spacings
are
adequate.
2
Applicable
Documents
None
3
Test
Specimen
The
test
specimen
shall
be
comprised
of
a
minimum
of
two
conductor
lines
per
conductive
layer,
suffi¬
cient
to
allow
a
voltage
to
be
applied
between
adjacent
con¬
ductor
patterns
both
between
conductive
layers
and
on
the
same
conductive
layer
(see
6.1).
4
Apparatus
or
Material
4.1
A
high
voltage
source
capable
of
supplying
the
specified
voltage
with
a
tolerance
of
土
5%
(see
6.2).
4.2
A
voltage
measuring
device
with
an
accuracy
of
5%.
If
leakage
current
measuring
capability
is
required,
the
device
shall
be
capable
of
detecting
the
leakage
current
to
within
5%
of
the
requirement.
4.3
Soft
bristle
brush
4.4
Deionized
or
distilled
water
(2
megohm-cm
minimum
resistivity
recommended)
4.5
Isopropyl
alcohol
Number
2.5.7
Subject
Dielectric
Withstanding
Voltage,
PCB
Date
Revision
05/04
D
Originating
Task
Group
Rigid
Printed
Board
Performance
Task
Group
(D-33a)
5
Procedure
5.1
Specimen
Preparation
(see
6.3)
5.1.1
Positive,
permanent,
and
noncontaminating
identifica¬
tion
of
test
specimen
is
of
paramount
importance.
5.1.2
Visually
inspect
the
test
specimens
for
any
obvious
defects,
as
described
in
the
applicable
performance
specifica¬
tion.
If
there
is
any
doubt
about
the
overall
quality
of
any
test
specimen,
the
test
specimen
should
be
replaced
and
this
replacement
noted.
5.1.3
Solder
single
stranded
(to
simulate
discrete
compo¬
nent
axial
leads)
polytetrafl
u
roet
hylene
(PTFE)
insulated
wires
in
each
of
the
connection
points
of
the
test
specimens.
These
wires
will
be
used
to
connect
the
test
patterns
of
the
test
specimens
to
the
high
voltage
source.
5.1.4
Wet
test
lead
terminals
with
deionized
or
distilled
water
and
scrub
with
a
soft
bristle
brush
for
a
minimum
of
30
seconds.
During
the
remainder
of
the
test
specimen
prepara¬
tion,
handle
test
specimens
by
the
edges
only
(see
6.4).
5.1.5
Spray
rinse
thoroughly
with
deionized
or
distilled
water.
Hold
test
specimen
at
an
approximate
30°
angle
and
spray
from
top
to
bottom.
5.1.6
Wet
test
lead
terminals
with
clean
isopropyl
alcohol
and
agitate
for
a
minimum
of
30
seconds.
Scrub
with
a
soft
bristle
brush
to
remove
flux
residue.
5.1.7
Rinse
cleaned
area
thoroughly
with
fresh
isopropyl
alcohol.
5.1.8
Dry
test
specimens
in
a
drying
oven
for
a
minimum
of
three
hours
at
an
oven
temperature
of
between
49
to
60
(120
°F
to
140
°F).
4.6
Drying
oven
5.1
.9
Allow
the
test
specimens
to
cool
to
room
temperature,
(see
6.5)