IPC-A-600H-2010 中文版印制板的可接受性 (1).pdf - 第12页

很难找到与验收准则总是相一致的很多案例；当本标准中的照片或示意图与文字说明不一致时，以文字描述为优先，并应该遵循文字说明的规定。还应该注意到本文件中某些照片可能同时用来表示同一示例的多种状况。因此，本文件的使用者要特别注意每节的主题，以避免产生误解。对于给定的不符合条件，应该理解为凡缺陷程度低于不符合条件的所有其它条件都是可接受的。因此，例如…

unacceptable for at least one or more classes of product but may be

acceptable for other classes as specified by the associated accep-

tance criteria.

The target, acceptable and nonconforming conditions depicted

herein and the associated acceptance criteria are intended to repre-

sent typical industrial practices. Requirements of individual prod-

uct designs may deviate from these criteria.

The examples shown in the photographs and/or illustrations are

sometimes exaggerated to make the referenced imperfection more

apparent. The relationship between the text and the examples is not

always parallel; it would be difficult to find many cases so specific

that they would always match the acceptance criteria. When photo-

graphs or illustrations contained in this standard are not consistent

with discussion in the written text, the written text takes precedence

and should be followed.

It should also be noted that some of the photographs used may have

more than one type of condition on the same example. It is neces-

sary that the users of this document pay particular attention to the

subject of each section to avoid misinterpretation.

It should be understood that the first inference to nonconformance

given implies that all other conditions of lesser magnitude are

acceptable. Thus, a criteria which states a nonconformance condi-

tion as 50% of the surface is pitted, for example, implies that any-

thing less than 50% of the surface being pitted is acceptable for that

characteristic in that class. Obviously, nonconformance in Class 1

implies nonconformance in Class 2 and Class 3; and likewise, non-

conformance for Class 2 implies nonconformance in Class 3.

An inspector shall not make the selection as to which class the part

under inspection belongs. When making accept and/or nonconfor-

mance decisions, the awareness of precedence of documentation

must be maintained.

In all cases, documentation should be available to the inspector

defining to which class the part submitted for inspection belongs.

Procedures and requirements for conducting visual inspections

related to this document shall be in accordance with the require-

ments of the applicable performance specification.

ln the event of conflict, the following order of precedence shall

apply:

1. Purchase Order (including exceptions to the master drawing, if

any)

2. Procurement documentation reflecting the customers detailed

requirements (such as master drawing)

3. Other documents to the extent specified by the customer

4. The end item performance specification such as the IPC-6010

series when invoked by the customer

5. This acceptability document. Printed boards should be of uni-

form quality and shall conform to the IPC-6010 series.

IPC-6010 series establishes the minimum acceptability require-

ments for printed boards. This document, IPC-A-600, is a compan-

ion and complementary document, providing pictorial interpreta-

tion of these requirements. It is not intended to be used as a

performance specification for printed board manufacture or pro-

curement.

IPC-A-600 can be used as a support document for inspection. It

does not specify frequency of in-process inspection or frequency of

end product inspection. Nor is the allowable number of noncon-

forming process indicators or the number of allowable repair/

rework of defects specified.

Visual examination for applicable attributes shall be conducted at 3

diopters (approx.1.75X). If the acceptable condition of a suspected

defect is not apparent, it should be verified at progressively higher

magnifications (up to 40X) to confirm that it is a defect. Dimen-

sional requirements such asspacing or conductor width measure-

ments may require other magnifications and devices with reticles or

scales in the instrument, which allow accurate measurements of the

specified dimensions. Contract or specification may require other

magnifications.

Plated-through holes (PTHs) shall be internally examined for foil

and plating integrity at a magnification of 100X. Referee examina-

tions shall be accomplished at a magnification of 200X.

Automated Inspection Technology (AIT) results may be applicable

to the evaluation of many of the dimensional characteristics illus-

trated in this document.

1.5 验收准则

本文件中的多数示意图和照片同时表示每一具体特性的三个

质量等级，即理想条件、可接受条件和不符合条件。而每个

等级的验收准则，则分别用不同的文字加以说明。

⽬标条件在多数情况下它接近完美的程度。虽然这是理想

的条件，但并不是总是可以达到，而且也不是保证印制板在

其使用环境中的可靠性所必需的条件。

可接受条件所描述的状况虽然未必完美，但却能保证印制板

在其使用环境中的完整性和可靠性。正如相关验收准则的规

定，可接受条件被认为至少对于一个级别或多个级别是可接

受的，但对于所有级别可能不是都可接受的。

不符合条件所描述的状况可能不足以保证印制板在其使用环

境中的可靠性。不符合条件被认为至少对于一个级别或多个

级别是不可接受的，但对于其他级别，按照相关验收准则的

规定，可能是可接受的。

此处描述的理想条件、可接受条件和不符合条件及相关验收

准则只代表常规的行业惯例。对于个别的产品设计，其要求

可能与这些准则不一致。

为了更清楚地图示所讨论的瑕疵特性，所用的照片和/或示意

图，往往有些夸张。文字说明与示例之间并非总是对应的；

1 INTRODUCTION（前⾔）

Introduction (cont.)（前⾔（续））

3IPC-A-600H-2010 2010年4月

很难找到与验收准则总是相一致的很多案例；当本标准中的

照片或示意图与文字说明不一致时，以文字描述为优先，并

应该遵循文字说明的规定。

还应该注意到本文件中某些照片可能同时用来表示同一示

例的多种状况。因此，本文件的使用者要特别注意每节的主

题，以避免产生误解。

对于给定的不符合条件，应该理解为凡缺陷程度低于不符合

条件的所有其它条件都是可接受的。因此，例如某项准则规

定不符合条件为表面50%出现麻点，这意味着在该级别的印

制板中，只要产生麻点的表面小于50%，对该特性来说是可

接受的。显然，对于1级板是不符合的状况，意味着对于2级

板和3级板也均为不符合；同样，对于2级板是不符合的状况

意味着对于3级板也是不符合的状况。

检验员不应当对所检验产品归属哪一级别作出选择。在作出

接受和/或不符合决定时，必须有意识地遵守文件优先顺序。

在所有情况下，应该向检验员提供确定交付检验产品属于哪

一级别的文件。

与该文件相关的目视检验程序和要求，应当与所适用性能规

范的要求相一致。

如果发生冲突，应当采用下列优先顺序：

1. 采购文件（如有，包括针对布设总图的例外条件）；

2. 反映客户详细要求的采购文件（如布设总图）；

客

户指定的其它文件；

4. 客户要求引用的最终产品的性能规范，例如IPC-6010系列

文件；

5. 本可接受性文件。印制板应该具有一致的质量，并应当符

合IPC-6010系列文件的规定。

IPC-6010系列文件规定了印制板的最低可接受性要求。而本

文件，即IPC-A-600，则是为上述要求提供图示解释的一种配

套及补充文件，不推荐用作印制板生产或采购的性能规范。

IPC-A-600可作为检验支持性文件。它没有规定对在制品的检

验频次和对最终产品的检验频次。同时，也没有规定所允许

的不符合的制程警示的数量，也没有规定对缺陷的维修/返工

所允许的次数。

对适用特性进行目视检查应当在3个屈光度（1.75倍的放大倍

数）下进行。如果疑似缺陷的可接受条件不明显，则应该将

放大倍数逐步调高（直至40倍）以确认其是否为缺陷。对于

尺寸检验，例如间距或导体宽度的测量，可能要求采用其它

放大倍数和使用有十字线或刻度线的仪器，以便能对规定的

尺寸进行精确测量。合同或规范也可能对放大倍数有其它要

求。

应当在100倍的放大倍数下对镀覆孔内部的铜箔和镀层完整性

进行检查。应当在200倍的放大倍数下进行仲裁检查。

自动检查技术（AIT）可用于评定本文件图示

的

许多尺寸特

性。

1.6 Applicable Documents The following specifications of the

revision in effect at the time of order form a part of this document

to the extent specified herein. If a conflict of requirements exists

between this specification and the listed applicable documents, this

specification shall take precedence.

1.6 引⽤⽂件下订单时，下列文件的有效版本构成了本规

范在此限定范围内的组成部分。如本规范和所列引用文件发

生冲突，应当以本规范为优先。

1.6.1 IPC

J-STD-003 印制板可焊性测试

IPC-T-50 电子电路互连与封装术语及定义

IPC-TM-650 Test Methods Manual

2.1.1 Microsectioning

2.1.1.2 显微剖切-半自动或全自动技术的剖切设备

（替代方法）

2.2.2 Optical Dimensional Verification

2.3.25 Detection and Measurement of Ionizable Surface Con-

taminants

2.4.1 附着力 - 胶带测试

2.4.22 Bow and Twist

2.4.28.1 Adhesion, Solder Resist (Mask), Tape Test Method

2.6.25 Conductive Anodic Filament (CAF) Resistance Test

(Electrochemical Migration Testing)

IPC-SM-840 Qualification and Performance of Permanent Solder

Mask

IPC-2220 Family of Design Documents

IPC-4562 Metal Foil for Printed Wiring Applications

IPC-4781 Qualification and Performance Specification of Perma-

nent, Semi-Permanent and Temporary Legend and/or Marking Inks

IPC-6010 IPC-6010印制板性能系列文件

IPC-9191 General Requirements for Implementation of Statisti-

cal Process Control

IPC-9691 User Guide for the IPC-TM-650, Method 2.6.25, Con-

ductive Anodic Filament (CAF) Resistance Test (Electrochemical

Migration Testing)

1.6.2 美国机械⼯程师协会

ASME B46.1 Surface Texture (Surface Roughness, Waviness and

Lay)

1. www.ipc.org

2. Current and revised IPC Test Methods are available on the IPC Web Site

(www.ipc.org/html/testmethods.htm)

3. www.asme.org

1 INTRODUCTION（前⾔）

Introduction (cont.)（前⾔（续））

4 IPC-A-600H-20102010年4月

1.7 DIMENSIONS AND TOLERANCES

All dimensions and tolerances specified herein are applicable only

to the end product. Dimensions are expressed in hard SI (metric)

units and parenthetical soft imperial [inch] units.

Reference information is shown in parentheses ( ).

1.7 尺⼨与公差

本文件规定的所有尺寸和公差仅适用于最终产品。尺寸以标

准的国际单位制（公制）表示，方括号内为对应的英制尺

寸。

圆括号（）内给出了参考信息。

1.8 TERMS AND DEFINITIONS

Terms and definitions shall be in accordance with IPC-T-50 and as

defined in 1.8.1.

1.8 术语和定义

术语和定义均应当符合IPC-T-50及1.8.1节的规定。

1.8.1 Process Indicator A detectable anomaly, other than a

defect, that is reflective of material, equipment, personnel, process

and/or workmanship variation.

1.8.1 制程警⽰反映了材料、设备、人员、工艺和/或工艺

质量发生变异的可探测到的异常，但不是缺陷。

1.9 Revision Level Changes Changes made to this revision of

the IPC-A-600 are indicated throughout by gray-shading of the rel-

evant subsection(s). Changes to a figure or table are indicated by

gray-shading of the figure or table header.

1.9 版本修订变化本IPC-A-600修订版即H版通过灰色阴影

标示出了发生修订的相关章节，但只用灰色阴影标示发生修

订的图或表的名称。

1.10 WORKMANSHIP

Printed boards fabricated to the requirements of this document

shall be processed in such a manner as to be uniform in quality and

to preclude the introduction of dirt, foreign matter, oil, fingerprints,

flux residues, or other contaminants that may affect the life or ser-

viceability of the product. Printed boards shall be free of defects in

excess of those allowed by this document. Acceptance of imperfec-

tions not specifically covered by this document shall be AABUS.

1.10 ⼯艺质量

按本文件的要求制造的印制板应当采用这样一种方式进行生

产，即能获得均匀一致的质量，并能避免那些可能影响产品

寿命或使用可靠性的灰尘、外来物、油污、指印、助焊剂残

留物或其他污染物。印制板上不应当存在超过本文件允许的

缺陷，至于本文件没有明确涉及的瑕疵的验收，应当由供需

双方协商确定（AABUS）。

1 INTRODUCTION（前⾔）

Introduction (cont.)（前⾔（续））

5IPC-A-600H-2010 2010年4月