IPC-TM-650 EN 2022 试验方法--.pdf - 第171页

The Institute for Int erconnecting and Packaging E lectronic Circuits 2215 S anders Road • Northbrook, IL 60062-6135 Material in this T est M ethods Manual was voluntarily establis hed by T echni cal Committees of the IP…

100%1 / 824
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 2 of 2
2.3.24
Porosity
of
Gold
Plating
2/78
5.2.7
Compress
the
assembly
so
that
the
pressure
between
the
cadmium
sulfide
paper
and
the
sample
is
uniform
and
between
14
kg/cm2
and
18
kg/cm2.
5.2.8
While
the
assembly
is
under
compression,
pass
a
smooth,
ripple
free
DC
source
not
exceeding
12
volts
between
the
cathode
and
anode.
5.2.9
Set
the
current
initially
at
8
mA/cm2
of
anode
area
and
energize
for
30
seconds.
5.2.10
Allow
the
electrograms
produced
on
the
cadmium
sulfide
paper
to
dry.
5.2.11
A
corresponding
brown
stain
on
the
paper
reveals
the
presence
of
any
defect
in
the
plated
coating.
5.2.12
Visually
examine
the
specimen
at
10X
magnification.
5.3
Gold
on
Nickel
Method
5.3.1
Soak
the
Whatman
542
filter
paper
for
1
0
minutes
in
a
0.8%
solution
of
nioxime
(cyclohexane
1:2
dione
dioxime)
and
distilled
water.
5.3.2
Remove
the
excess
solution
with
blotting
paper.
The
paper
must
be
hung
up
to
dry.
5.3.3
Repeat
the
steps
in
5.2,
except
moisten
the
piece
of
nioxime
paper
with
distilled
water
and
expose
the
ammonia
vapor.
5.3.4
Remove
the
excess
by
blotting.
The
“backing
pad”
of
photographic
blotting
paper
is
to
be
used
dry.
5.3.5
Expose
the
electrograms
produced
on
the
nioxime
paper
to
ammonia
vapor,
then
allow
to
dry.
5.3.6
A
corresponding
purple-red
stain
on
the
paper
reveals
the
presence
of
any
defects
in
the
gold
plating.
5.3.7
Visually
examine
the
specimens
at
10X
magnification.
The Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits
2215 Sanders Road • Northbrook, IL 60062-6135
Material in this Test Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of the IPC. This material is advisory only
and its use or adaptation is entirely voluntary. IPC disclaims all liability of any kind as to the use, application, or adaptation of this
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Page 1 of 3
IPC-TM-650
TEST
METHODS
MANUAL
Number
2.3.24.1
Subject
Porosity
Testing
of
Gold
Electrodeposited
on
a
Nickel
Plated
Copper
Substrate
Electrographic
Method
Date
Revision
10/85
Originating
Task
Group
N/A
1
Scope
This
test
method
provides
a
procedure
for
testing
the
porosity
of
gold
electroplated
from
an
alkaline
(cyanide),
acid,
or
neutral
gold
plating
solution
on
a
nickel
substrate
in
contact
with
the
gold
deposit.
2
Applicable
Documents
None
3
Materials
and
Equipment
3.1
Materials
Acetone,
Sodium
Nitrate,
Reagent
GD.
(NaN03),
Sodium
Carbonate,
Anhydrous,
Reagent
GD.
(Na
2co
3),
Dimethylglyoxime,
Denatured
Ethyl
Alcohol
No.
3A,
Reagent
GD.
(C2H50H),
Photographic
Paper
with
Silver
Halide
removed.
(Kodabromide,
glossy
finish,
single
wt.
pho¬
tographic
paper
(fixed
before
use),
Ammonium
Hydroxide,
Reagent
GD.
(NHQH)
3.2
Equipment
3.2.1
DC
power
supply
to
0
amp
to
1
amp.
DC
minimum,
0
volts
to
1
0
volts
3.2.2
DC
Milliammeter,
0
mA
to
100
mA
3.2.3
Electrographic
Clamp-Press
4
Equipment/Apparatus
None
5
Procedure
5.1
Solution
Make
Up
5.1.1
Electrolyte
Concentration:
NaN03
1%
(wt.)
Na2C03,
Anhydr.
4%
(wt.)
Distilled
water
-
balance
by
wt.
Preparation
of
500
g
(Vol.
of
485
±
1
0
ml.)
of
solution
5.1.
1.1
Obtain
the
tare
weight
of
600-ml
glass
beaker.
5.1.
1.2
Add
400
ml
of
distilled
water
to
beaker.
5.1.
1.3
Using
agitation
and,
if
necessary,
heating
to
48.9℃,
dissolve
the
following
in
the
water:
Sodium
nitrate
-5g
Sodium
carbonate
-
20
g
5.1.
1.4
After
salts
are
dissolved,
add
distilled
water
until
the
net
weight
of
the
solution
is
500
g.
5.1.
1.5
Cool
the
solution
to
room
temperature
before
use.
5.2
Indicator
Solution
The
solution
is
a
concentration
of
dimethylglyoxime
-
1%
(wt.)
denatured
ethyl
alcohol
No.
3A
-
Balance.
Perform
the
preparation
of
300
g
(vol.
of
380
±
10
ml.)
of
solution
as
explained
in
5.2.1
through
5.2.4.
5.2.1
Obtain
the
tare
weight
of
400-ml
glass
beaker.
5.2.2
Add
275
ml
denatured
ethyl
alcohol
to
the
beaker.
5.2.3
Using
agitation
only
(do
not
heat),
dissolve
3
g
of
dim¬
ethylglyoxime
in
the
alcohol.
5.2.4
After
all
additions
are
dissolved,
add
denatured
ethyl
alcohol
until
the
net
weight
of
the
solution
is
300
g.
5.3
Electrographic
Test
5.3.1
Cleaning
Procedure
5.3.1.
1
Using
a
cloth,
wash
the
contact
area
with
alconox
solution.
5.3.1.
2
Rinse
the
contact
area
in
tap
water.
5.3.1.
3
Rinse
the
contact
area
in
deionized
water.
5.3.1.
4
Rinse
the
contact
area
with
acetone
and
air
dry.
5.4
Cut
a
piece
of
silver
halide-free
photographic
paper
to
a
size
slightly
larger
than
the
area
of
the
sample
or
part
of
the
sample
being
tested.
The
dimensions
of
the
photographic
paper
should
not
exceed
the
dimension
of
that
part
of
the
sample
being
porosity
tested
by
more
than
0.79375
mm
in
any
one
direction.
5.5
Wet
the
photographic
paper,
cut
in
5.2
with
the
electro¬
lyte
solution
prepared
in
5.1
.1
.
The
photographic
paper
is
immersed
for
30
minutes
or
more
in
the
electrolyte.
/
/
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 2 of 3
2.3.24.1
Porosity
Testing
of
Gold
Electrodeposited
on
a
Nickel
Plated
Copper
Substrate
Electrographic
Method
10/85
After
saturating
the
photographic
paper
with
electrolyte,
press
the
paper
between
two
paper
towels
to
ensure
any
excess
electrolyte
is
removed
from
the
photographic
paper.
5.6
Assemble
the
sample
being
tested
for
porosity
and
the
photographic
paper
of
5.5
in
the
electrographic
clamp-press
as
explained
in
5.6.1
through
5.6.6.
5.6.1
Place
a
piece
of
Teflon
or
equivalent
insulating
mate¬
rial
on
the
platform
of
the
compression
spring
and
piston
device
on
the
clamp-press.
5.6.2
Place
the
back
of
the
sample
or
area
of
sample
being
tested
on
top
of
and
in
contact
with
the
Teflon.
5.6.3
Place
the
silver
halide-free
photographic
paper
satu¬
rated
with
electrolyte
in
5.5
on
top
of
and
in
contact
with
the
face
of
the
sample
or
area
of
the
sample
being
tested.
The
emulsion
side
of
the
paper
should
be
in
contact
with
the
test
sample.
5.6.4
Place
a
piece
of
pure
gold
or
gold-clad
copper
on
top
of
the
photographic
paper
so
the
gold
surface
is
in
contact
with
the
photographic
paper.
The
gold
or
gold-clad
material
placed
on
the
photographic
paper
is
to
have
the
same
maximum
dimensions
as
that
part
of
the
sample
being
porosity
tested.
The
minimum
dimensions
of
the
gold
or
gold-clad
material
is
to
be
not
more
than
0.79375
mm
shorter
than
the
dimensions
of
the
area
being
tested
in
any
one
direction.
Attach
a
lead
wire
to
the
gold
or
gold-clad
material
in
order
to
make
electrical
contact.
5.6.5
Place
a
piece
of
Teflon
or
equivalent
insulating
mate¬
rial
on
the
back
of
the
gold
or
gold-clad
material.
5.6.6
Lower
the
screw
of
the
clamping
and
screw
the
device
until
the
pressure
end
of
the
screw
is
just
in
contact
with
the
back
of
the
Teflon
and
holds
the
assembly
in
place.
Do
not
apply
force
at
this
time.
See
5.1
1
for
a
schematic
dia¬
gram
of
assembly.
5.7
Compress
the
spring
of
the
clamp-press
by
tightening
the
screw
device
until
a
pressure
is
exerted
on
the
assembly
as
in
5.6.6.
5.8
Connect
a
DC
power
source
so
the
positive
(+)
voltage
contacts
the
sample
being
tested
and
the
negative
(-)
voltage
is
connected
to
the
lead
of
the
gold
or
gold-clad
material
of
5.6.6.
Apply
a
current,
such
that
the
current
density
is
250
mA
±
50
mA
per
square
inch
of
surface
in
contact
with
the
pho¬
tographic
paper.
Applied
voltage
should
not
exceed
1
0
volts.
If
the
current
density
of
250
±
50
mA/sq.
in.
cannot
be
obtained
at
≤1
0
volts,
then
the
time
of
current
flow
should
be
increased
while
holding
the
potential
at
1
0
volts.
The
increased
time
of
current
flow
can
be
calculated
by
the
follow¬
ing
formula.
Time
of
current
flow
(sec)
=
250
mA
sq.
in.
of
surface
in
contact
with
paper
心八
Current
density
in
mA
sq.
in.
at
1
0
volts
The
time
of
the
current
flow
should
be
60
±
1
sec.
5.9
Unclamp
the
assembly
and
remove
the
silver
halide-free
photographic
paper.
5.10
Apply
one
to
two
drops
of
the
indiicator
solution
from
52
to
the
photographic
paper.
5.1
1
Develop
the
photographic
paper
containing
indicator
solution
by
holding
the
paper
over
an
ammonium
hydroxide
solution.
5.12
Dry
the
photographic
paper
to
which
indicator
solution
was
added
and
read
the
test
results.
5.13
Observe
the
porosity
test
schematic,
as
shown
in
Fig¬
ure
1
.
5.14
Test
Results
5.15
Nickel
exposure
through
the
gold
will
show
up
on
the
indicating
photographic
paper
as
a
red
stain.
Copper
expo¬
sure
will
show
up
as
green
stains.
This
exposure
is
caused
by
pores,
cracking,
or
unplated
areas.
These
stains
should
be
examined
under
10X
min,
15X
max.
5.15.1
Pores
Pores
will
show
up
as
fine
dots.
5.15.2
Cracking
Cracks
will
show
up
as
continuous
fine
lines.
5.15.3
Unplated
Areas
Unplated
areas
will
show
up
as
large
blots
or
red
lines.