IPC-TM-650 EN 2022 试验方法--.pdf - 第293页

IPC-TM-650 Number Subject Date Revision Page 2 of 3 2.4.18.3 Tensile Strength, Elongation, and Modulus 7/95 4.7 Extension Indicators (optional) Extension indicators (e.g., extensometers) must be designed as to minimize s…

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ASTM D 882
ASTM D 1005
ASTM D 2370
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Page 1 of 3
IPC-TM-650
TEST
METHODS
MANUAL
1
.0
Scope
This
test
method
establishes
a
procedure
for
determining
the
tensile
strength,
elongation
and
Young's
modulus
of
organic
free
films.
2
.0
Applicable
Documents
Standard
Practice
for
Conditioning
Plastics
and
Electrical
Insulating
Materials
for
Testing
Standard
Test
Methods
for
Tensile
Properties
of
Thin
Plastic
Sheeting
Standard
Test
Methods
for
Measurement
of
Dry-Film
Thickness
of
Organic
Coatings
Using
Micrometers
Standard
Test
Method
for
Tensile
Properties
of
Organic
Coatings
3
.0
Test
Specimen
The
test
specimen
shall
consist
of
a
strip
12.70
mm
wide
by
76.20
mm
in
length
and
at
least
10
jim
in
thickness.
The
width
of
the
specimen
should
not
devi¬
ate
by
more
than
2%
over
the
length
of
the
specimen
between
the
grips.
The
thickness
of
the
films
shall
not
vary
by
more
than
10%
over
the
entire
film.
A
minimum
of
ten
speci¬
mens
are
required.
4
.0
Apparatus
or
Material
4.1
Thickness
Measurement
Device
Mitutoyo
519-605
Mini-Checker
with
a
519-891
probe
with
vacuum
assist
con¬
nected
to
a
MUX-
10
multiplexer
or
equivalent
thickness
mea¬
surement
device
accurate
and
precise
to
0.1
jim.
4.2
Width
Measurement
Device
Micrometer
or
equivalent
width
measurement
device
capable
of
measuring
to
0.25
mm.
4.3
Specimen
Cutter
Thwing-Albert
J
DC
Precision
Cutter
or
equivalent.
The
specimen
cutting
device
must
be
capable
of
cutting
a
film
strip
1
2.70
±
0.25
mm
wide
over
the
length
of
the
specimen.
It
is
imperative
that
the
cutting
edges
be
kept
sharp
and
free
from
visible
scratches
or
nicks.
The
use
of
striking
dies
is
not
recommended
because
of
poor
and
incon¬
sistent
specimen
edges.
4.4
Tensile
Tester
Instron
Model
4501
Tensile
Tester
with
a
0.2
kN
load
cell
or
equivalent.
The
testing
machine
must
be
Number
2.4.18.3
Subject
Tensile
Strength,
Elongation,
and
Modulus
Date
7/95
Revision
Originating
Task
Group
Deposited
Dielectric
Task
Group
(C-13a)
equipped
with
a
load
cell
whose
compliance
is
a
maximum
of
2%
of
the
specimen
extension
within
the
range
being
mea¬
sured.
Digital
(as
opposed
to
analog)
self-calibrating
load
cells
are
preferred
since
they
eliminate
the
need
for
and
potential
error
associated
with
calibrating
analog
load
cells
using
exter¬
nal
weights.
The
testing
machine
must
be
equipped
with
a
device
for
recording
the
tensile
load
and
the
amount
of
sepa¬
ration
of
the
grips;
both
of
these
measuring
systems
should
be
accurate
to
±
2%.
The
rate
of
separation
of
the
grips
shall
be
accurate
to
±
0.1%
and
capable
of
adjustment
from
approximately
0
to
50
mm/min.
4.5
Gripping
Devices
A
gripping
system
that
minimizes
both
slippage
and
uneven
stress
distribution
must
be
used.
The
grips
must
be
self-aligning,
i.e.
they
must
be
attached
in
such
a
manner
that
they
will
move
freely
into
alignment
as
soon
as
any
load
is
applied
so
that
the
long
axis
of
the
speci¬
men
will
coincide
with
the
direction
of
the
applied
pull
through
the
center
line
of
the
grip
assembly.
4.6
Grip
Faces
Specimen
slippage
and
necking
of
the
specimen
up
into
the
grips
are
two
of
the
most
common
problems
with
this
test
method.
Slippage
can
be
checked
by
drawing
a
series
of
parallel
lines
across
the
part
of
the
speci¬
men
in
the
grips.
After
pulling
the
specimen,
if
the
lines
are
not
parallel,
the
specimen
may
be
slipping
on
one
side.
On
speci¬
mens
with
high
elongations,
necking
of
the
specimen
into
the
grips
is
a
problem.
As
the
specimen
elongates,
the
reduction
of
area
(necking)
results
in
a
loosening
of
the
specimen
at
the
inside
edges
of
the
grips.
This
loosening
propagates
further
back
into
the
grips
with
continued
elongation
of
the
specimen.
This
can
lead
to
erroneous
results
for
the
elongation.
Air¬
actuated
grips
lined
with
rubber
faces
(e.g.,
neoprene)
that
have
been
machined
flat
were
found
to
be
effective
against
both
of
these
problems
and
still
allowed
the
specimen
to
be
easily
removed
from
the
grips
after
the
test.
Another
approach
is
to
use
line
grips,
i.e.
grips
having
faces
designed
to
concen¬
trate
the
entire
gripping
force
along
a
single
line
the
width
of
the
specimen
perpendicular
to
the
direction
of
the
testing
stress.
This
is
usually
done
by
combining
one
standard
flat
grip
face
and
an
opposing
grip
face
that
has
been
cut
down.
In
cases
where
specimens
frequently
fail
at
the
edge
of
the
grips,
it
may
be
advantageous
to
round
the
edges
of
the
grip
faces
where
they
meet
the
test
area
of
the
specimen.
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 2 of 3
2.4.18.3
Tensile
Strength,
Elongation,
and
Modulus
7/95
4.7
Extension
Indicators
(optional)
Extension
indicators
(e.g.,
extensometers)
must
be
designed
as
to
minimize
stress
on
the
specimen
at
the
contact
points
of
the
specimen
and
the
indicator.
Clip
type
extensometers
are
not
recommended
for
this
reason.
Laser
extensometers
can
be
used
if
the
method
of
marking
the
specimen
does
not
induce
any
stress
or
strain
into
the
specimen
(e.g.,
scratching
the
specimen)
or
change
the
specimen
in
any
fashion
(e.g.,
heating
the
specimen).
4.8
Calibration
The
thickness
gauge
should
be
calibrated
every
six
months
using
standard
gauge
blocks.
The
blades
on
the
film
cutter
should
be
resharpened
or
replaced
at
least
once
a
year.
The
load
cell
on
the
tensile
tester
should
be
cali¬
brated
at
least
once
a
week
following
the
manufacturer
s
rec¬
ommended
procedure.
Also,
the
stops
which
control
the
ini¬
tial
grip
separation
should
be
checked
once
a
week.
5.0
Procedure
5.1
Operating
Conditions
The
tests
should
be
conducted
at
23
±
2
℃
and
50
±
5%
relative
humidity.
5.2
Preparation
of
Test
Specimens
5.2.1
The
test
specimens
should
be
conditioned
at
23
±
2
℃
and
50
±
5%
relative
humidity
for
not
less
than
24
hours
prior
to
testing.
Refer
to
ASTM
D
618.
5.2.2
The
free
films
are
placed
between
two
cover
sheets
of
clear
film
(Mylar®*
or
equivalent)
to
facilitate
handling
of
the
specimens.
5.2.3
Cut
at
least
10
specimens
76.20
mm
long
and
12.70
mm
wide.
No
specimen
shall
vary
by
more
than
2%
in
width
along
its
entire
length.
The
utmost
care
must
be
exercised
in
cutting
specimens
to
prevent
nicks
and
tears
along
the
edges
of
the
specimen
that
are
likely
to
cause
premature
failure.
If
the
properties
in
the
plane
of
the
film
are
not
isotropic
(e.g.,
the
films
were
not
prepared
by
spin
coating),
then
ten
films
must
be
cut
in
both
the
machine
direction
(MD)
and
transverse
direction
(TD).
5.4
Testing
5.4.1
Measure
and
record
the
thickness
of
the
test
speci¬
men
to
an
accuracy
of
0.1
gm
at
no
fewer
than
five
different
places
within
the
gauge
length
area.
Refer
to
ASTM
D
1
005
and
AST
D
2370.
5.4.2
Set
the
initial
gauge
length
(grip
separation)
at
25.4
mm
and
the
rate
of
grip
separation
at
5.08
mm/min.
5.4.3
Place
the
specimen
in
the
grips
of
the
testing
machine,
taking
care
to
align
the
long
axis
of
the
specimen
with
an
imaginary
line
joining
the
points
of
attachment
of
the
grips
to
the
machine.
The
specimen
should
be
aligned
as
per¬
fectly
as
possible
with
the
direction
of
pull
so
that
no
rotary
motion
that
may
induce
slippage
will
occur
in
the
grips.
Tighten
the
grips
evenly
and
firmly
to
the
degree
necessary
to
minimize
slipping
of
the
specimen
during
testing.
The
use
of
air
activated
grips
facilitates
the
mounting
of
the
specimen
in
the
grips.
5.4.4
Start
the
test
and
record
the
load
versus
extension.
5.4.5
Repeat
steps
5.4.1
-
5.4.4
for
each
series
of
ten
specimens.
5.5
Calculations
5.5.1
For
each
series
of
ten
specimens,
the
arithmetic
mean
and
standard
deviation
of
each
property
for
the
specimens
with
the
five
highest
tensile
strengths
shall
be
calculated
to
the
proper
number
of
significant
figures.
This
is
done
on
the
basis
that
the
expected
errors
(nicks
or
flaws
in
the
specimen,
breaks
within
the
grips,
specimen
slippage,
etc.)
would
all
tend
to
produce
lower
results.
The
standard
deviation
is
cal¬
culated
as
follows
and
reported
to
two
significant
figures:
N
/
N
\
2
怦
2-(中)
5-
丫
N(N-1)
where
Xi
is
the
value
of
a
single
observation
(i
=
1
through
N),
N
is
the
number
of
observations,
and
sx
is
the
estimated
stan¬
dard
deviation.
5.5.2
Tensile
Strength
Tensile
strength
is
calculated
by
dividing
the
load
at
break
by
the
original
minimum
cross-
sectional
area.
The
result
is
expressed
in
megapascals
(MPa)
and
reported
to
three
significant
figures.
tensile
strength
=
(load
at
break)
(original
width)
(original
thickness
5.5.3
Percent
Elongation
Percent
elongation
is
calculated
by
dividing
the
elongation
at
the
moment
of
rupture
by
the
ini¬
tial
gauge
length
and
multiplying
by
1
00.
When
gauge
marks
or
extensometers
are
used
to
define
a
specific
test
section,
Figure 1
Strain
Stress
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 3 of 3
2.4.18.3
Tensile
Strength,
Elongation,
and
Modulus
7/95
only
this
length
is
used
in
the
calculation,
otherwise
the
dis¬
tance
between
the
grips
is
used
as
the
initial
gauge
length.
The
result
is
expressed
in
percent
and
reported
to
two
signifi¬
cant
figures.
percent
elongation
=
(elorgator
at
rupture)
x
1
00
(initial
gage
length)
5.5.4
Young's
Modulus
Young's
modulus
is
calculated
by
drawing
a
tangent
to
the
initial
linear
portion
of
the
stress¬
strain
curve,
selecting
any
point
on
this
tangent,
and
dividing
the
tensile
stress
by
the
corresponding
strain.
For
purposes
of
this
calculation,
the
tensile
stress
shall
be
calculated
by
divid¬
ing
the
load
by
the
average
original
cross
section
of
the
test
specimen.
The
result
is
expressed
in
gigapascals
(GPa)
and
reported
to
three
significant
figures.
(load
at
point
on
tangent)
(original
width)
(original
thickness)
Young's
modululus
=
(elongation
at
point
on
tangent)
(initial
gage
length
5.5.5
Toe
Compensation
(from
ASTM
D
882)
In
a
typical
stress-strain
curve
(see
below),
there
is
a
toe
region,
AC,
which
does
not
represent
a
property
of
the
material.
It
is
an
artifact
caused
by
a
take-up
of
slack,
and
alignment
or
seat¬
ing
of
the
specimen.
In
order
to
obtain
correct
values
of
such
parameters
as
modulus,
strain,
and
yield
point,
this
artifact
must
be
compensated
for
to
give
the
corrected
zero
point
on
the
strain
or
extension
axis.
In
the
case
of
a
material
exhibiting
a
region
of
Hookean
(linear)
behavior
as
shown
below,
a
con¬
tinuation
of
the
linear
(CD)
region
of
the
curve
is
constructed
through
the
zero-stress
axis.
The
intersection
(B)
is
the
cor¬
rected
zero-strain
point
from
which
all
extensions
or
strains
must
be
measured,
including
the
yield
point,
if
applicable.
The
elastic
modulus
can
be
determined
by
dividing
the
stress
at
any
point
along
line
CD
(or
its
extension)
by
the
strain
at
the
same
point
(measured
from
point
B,
defined
as
zero-strain).
6.0
Notes
The
tensile
properties
determined
using
this
test
method
will
vary
with
method
of
specimen
preparation,
speci¬
men
thickness,
specimen
width,
rate
of
grip
separation,
initial
gauge
length,
type
of
grips
used,
and
method
of
measuring
extension.
The
tensile
strength
and
elongation
are
sensitive
to
the
specimen
dimensions
and
any
flaws
in
the
specimen.
Young's
modulus
is
an
index
of
the
stiffness
of
the
specimen
and
is
sensitive
to
the
rate
of
grip
separation.
Note
that
mate¬
rials
that
fail
by
tearing
give
anomalous
data
that
cannot
be
compared
with
those
from
normal
failure
(rupture).
A
tear
fail¬
ure
is
a
tensile
failure
characterized
by
fracture
initiating
at
one
edge
of
the
specimen
and
progressing
across
the
specimen
at
a
rate
slow
enough
to
produce
an
anomalous
stress-strain
curve.
Results
obtained
using
different
specimen
dimensions
or
at
different
rates
of
grip
separation
are
not
comparable;
consequently,
when
trying
to
make
quantitative
comparisons
between
specimens
or
between
laboratories,
these
factors
must
be
carefully
controlled.