IPC-TM-650 EN 2022 试验方法--.pdf - 第367页
Figure 1 Cutaway view of vitre ous silica tube dilatometer IPC-TM-650 Number Subject Date Revision Page 2 of 3 5.2.2 Condition E-1/1 10. 5.3.4 Recommended standard reference materials: 5.2.3 Condition -40/23/50. 5.3 Cali…
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Page 1 of 3
IPC-TM-650
TEST
METHODS
MANUAL
Number
2.4.41.1
Subject
Coefficient
of
Thermal
Expansion
by
the
Vitreous
Silica
(Quartz)
Dilatometer
Method
Date
Revision
8/97
A
Originating
Task
Group
N/A
1
.0
Scope
1.1
To
describe
the
vitreous
silica
dilatometer
method
for
determining
the
linear
thermal
expansion
of
laminated
materi¬
als
within
the
temperature
range
of
-55℃
to
1
00℃.
Inorganic
substrates
(non-laminated)
shall
be
tested
within
a
range
of
-55°
to
150℃.
2
.0
Applicable
Documents
Standard
Test
Method
for
Linear
Thermal
Expansion
of
Solid
Materials
with
a
Vitreous
Silica
Dilatometer
Test
for
Coefficient
of
Linear
Thermal
Expan¬
sion
of
Plastics
Test
for
Linear
Thermal
Expansion
of
Solid
Materials
by
Thermodilatometry
Verification
and
Calibration
of
Liquid-in-Glass
Thermometers
Calibration
of
Thermocouples
by
Comparison
Techniques
Testing
Industrial
Resistance
Thermometers
3
.0
Test
Specimen
3.1
Laminated
materials
which
may
or
may
not
contain
metal
layers.
3.2
Nominal
test
specimen
dimensions
shall
be
1/4
inch
wide
x
2
inch
-4
inch
long
x
1/8
inch
minimum
thickness.
End
surfaces
shall
be
ground
parallel.
Any
deviation
from
nominal
should
recognize
thermal
gradients
of
the
temperature
cham¬
ber,
thermal
lag
of
specimen
and
any
bending
of
specimen.
Thicknesses
under
1/8
inch
shall
be
supported
by
adequate
clamping
devices
unless
it
is
certain
that
the
specimen
will
remain
straight
during
testing.
4
.0
Apparatus
4.1
Vitreous
silica
dilatometer
of
either
the
tube
or
push
rod
type
to
determine
the
change
in
length
of
a
solid
material
as
a
function
of
temperature.
The
temperature
is
controlled
at
a
constant
heating
or
cooling
rate.
The
linear
thermal
expansion
and
the
coefficients
of
linear
thermal
expansion
(GTE)
are
cal¬
culated
from
the
recorded
data.
This
device
measures
the
difference
in
thermal
expansion
between
a
test
specimen
and
the
vitreous
silica
parts
of
the
dilatometer
(Figure
1).
4.2
Specimen
holder
(tube)
and
probe
shall
be
made
of
vit¬
reous
silica.
The
probe
contact
shall
be
flat
or
be
rounded
to
approximately
a
1
0
mm
radius.
4.3
Chamber
for
uniformly
heating
and
cooling
the
speci¬
men.
The
specimen
temperature
change
rate
shall
be
con¬
trolled.
The
temperature
gradient
in
the
specimen
shall
not
exceed
0.5℃/cm.
4.4
Transducer,
for
measuring
the
difference
in
length
between
the
specimen
and
the
specimen
holder
with
an
accuracy
of
at
least
士
0.5|jm.
The
transducer
shall
be
pro¬
tected
or
mounted
so
that
temperature
changes
will
not
affect
the
readings
by
more
than
1
.Opm.
4.5
Micrometer,
for
measuring
the
reference
length,
Lo,
of
the
specimen
with
an
accuracy
of
at
least
±
25|jm.
4.6
Thermocouple,
types
E,
K,
or
T,
for
measurement
of
the
specimen
temperature.
(Type
E
is
NiCr
versus
constantan,
type
K
is
NiCr
versus
NiAI
and
Type
T
is
Cu
versus
constan¬
tan.)
4.7
Recorder
or
data
logger
for
collecting
temperatures
and
lengths.
5
.0
Procedure
5.1
Sample
Preparation
Rough
cut
with
a
band
saw
or
metallurgical
cut-off
wheel
and
finish
machining
by
grinding.
Care
must
be
exercised
to
remove
roughness
from
specimen
ends.
The
ends
shall
be
parallel
to
土
.001
inch/inch.
5.2
Sample
condition
(only
for
laminated,
organic
speci¬
mens).
5.2.1
The
specimen
shall
be
immersed
in
isopropyl
alcohol
and
agitated
for
twenty
seconds.
Figure 1 Cutaway view of vitreous silica tube dilatometer
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 2 of 3
5.2.2
Condition
E-1/1
10.
5.3.4
Recommended
standard
reference
materials:
5.2.3
Condition
-40/23/50.
5.3
Calibration
5.3.2
The
temperature
sensor
shall
be
calibrated
according
to
an
appropriate
ASTM
method
(E-220)
or
procedure
recom¬
mended
by
the
National
Bureau
of
Standards.
•
OFHC
Copper;
GTE
1
7.3
PPM/℃
(for
use
with
“high
expansion"
materials)
5.3.3
The
dilatometer,
as
a
total
system,
shall
be
calibrated
by
measuring
two
reference
materials
of
known
thermal
expansion.
One
of
the
materials
should
have
an
expansion
close
to
the
sample
specimen,
and
the
other
close
to
that
of
the
dilatometer.
5.3.1
The
transducer
shall
be
calibrated
by
imposing
a
series
of
known
displacements
with
a
precision
screw
micrometer
or
set
of
end
gage
blocks.
•
NBS
Fused
Silica
-
SRM
739;
CTE
.55
PPM/℃
(for
cali¬
bration
of
dilatometer)
5.3.5
The
expansion
of
the
dilatometer
system,
(AL/LO)S,
and
the
calibration
constant,
for
corrections
of
lead
lag,
tem¬
peratures,
etc.,
are
determined
at
20℃
intervals
using
the
fol¬
lowing
equations:
(A^LO)S
=
(AULJ
-
(AULJm
•
NBS
Single
Crystal
Sapphire
-
SRM
732;
CTE
~
5.5
PPM/℃
(for
use
with
l1ow
expansion"
materials)
尚
「代）
s
A
=
2.4.41.1
A
Coefficient
of
Thermal
Expansion
by
the
Vitreous
Silica
(Quartz)
Dilatometer
Method
8/97
给
m
/
IPC-TM-650
Number
Subject Date
Revision
Page 3 of 3
2.4.41.1
Coefficient
of
Thermal
Expansion
by
the
Vitreous
Silica
(Quartz)
Dilatometer
Method
8/97
A
where:
Lo
二
specimen
length
(l-o)
t
=
certified
expansion
of
the
reference
material.
(AULo)m
=
the
measured
expansion
of
the
reference
mate¬
rial.
(
L-o)
s
=
the
expansion
of
the
vitreous
silica
parts
of
the
dila¬
tometer.
5.4
Test
Procedure
Following
the
conditioning
steps
per
5.2,
two
thermal
cycles
shall
be
conducted
per
test.
The
first
is
to
normalize
the
specimen
and
the
second
to
generate
data
for
the
calculation
of
CTE.
5.4.1
Measure
the
initial
length
of
the
specimen,
using
the
micrometer
to
±
.001
inch.
5.4.2
Place
the
specimen
in
the
dilatometer
after
making
certain
that
all
contacting
surfaces
are
free of
foreign
material.
Specimens
with
thickness
0.125
inch
shall
be
supported
with
side
plates.
Care
must
be
taken
to
assure
good
seating
of
the
specimen
against
the
bottom
of
the
tube
bottom
and
the
push
rod.
5.4.3
Place
the
thermocouple
sensor
in
intimate
contact
with
the
specimen
at
midlength.
5:4.4
Mount
the
transducer
to
provide
a
stable
contact
with
the
probe.
The
sample
loading
force
shall
be
the
minimum
necessary
for
proper
contact
between
the
rod
and
specimen,
and
the
bottom
of
the
tube
and
specimen.
Set
the
transducer
at
a
nominal
initial
reading.
5.4.5
Place
the
assembled
dilatometer
into
the
chamber
and
allow
the
temperature
of
the
specimen
to
come
to
equi¬
librium.
5.4.6
Record
the
initial
readings
of
the
thermocouple
and
the
transducer.
5.4.7
Heat
and
cool
at
a
constant
rate
of
2
℃/min.
5.4.8
Record
length
changes
as
a
function
of
temperature.
procedure
per
5.4.1
-5.4.8,
following
the
first
cycle.
Remea¬
surement
of
the
specimen
length
must
not
be
omitted
prior
to
start
of
the
second
cycle.
5.4.10
Test
a
total
of
four
specimens,
two
prepared
with
the
length
in
the
machine
direction
of
the
laminate
reinforcement
and
two
cut
in
the
transverse
direction.
This
quantity
is
intended
to
represent
the
expansion
characteristics
of
a
18
inch
x
24
inch
panel
size.
6.0
Calculations
6.1
Linear
thermal
expansion
(LTE),
the
change
in
length
per
unit
length
resulting
from
a
temperature
change
is
represented
by:
where:
(Sa
is
the
expansion
as
indicated
by
the
transducer,
AL
is
the
observed
change
in
length
(AL
=
L2-LJ.
LTE
is
often
expressed
in
pm/m
(parts
per
million).
6.2
Mean
coefficient
of
linear
thermal
expansion
-
the
linear
thermal
expansion
per
change
in
temperature.
Represented
by:
AL
L
(
8
m
=
=
AT
LSi)
where
and
L2
are
the
lengths
of
the
specimen
at
the
test
temperatures
3
and
T2.
6.3
Instantaneous
coefficient
of
linear
thermal
expansion
-
the
slope
of
the
linear
thermal
expansion
curve
at
temperature
T.
Represented
by:
8
T
工
匹
匚
6.4
Plots
of
the
following
are
commonly
used
as
required:
AL
丁 丁
-
—
vs.
T;
oc
m
vs.
T
l-O
When
reporting
the
mean
coefficient
of
thermal
expansion,
the
temperature
ranges
must
be
specified.
5.4.9
Remove
the
specimen
from
the
fixture
and
repeat
the