IPC-TM-650 EN 2022 试验方法.pdf - 第402页

1 Scope This test method details the dye and pull proce- dure (formerly known as dye and pry) utilizing dye penetrant analysis of surface-mount technology (SMT) components to confirm assembly process parameters and solde…

Users of this test method should apply the principles outlined

in E-691 to generate the data specific to their laboratory and

materials, or between specific laboratories. The principles

would then be valid for such data.

7.4.2 Concept of r and R (Reference ASTM D5045, Section

11.2). If Sr and SR have been calculated from a large enough

body of data, and for test results that were averages from

testing three specimens, the following information applies.

7.4.2.1 Repeatability, r (comparing two test results for the

same material, obtained by the same operator using the same

equipment on the same day). The two test results should be

judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the r value for

that material.

7.4.2.2 Reproducibility, R (comparing two test results for the

same material, obtained by different operators using different

equipment on the same day). The two test results should be

judged not equivalent if they differ by more than the R value

for that material.

7.4.2.3 Any judgement in accordance with the above would

have an approximate 95 % (0.95) probability of being correct.

7.4.3 Bias There are no recognized standards by which to

estimate bias of these test methods.

7.4.4 Keywords (Reference ASTM D 5045, Section 12)

• Critical-strain energy release rate

• Energy-to-break

• Fracture toughness

• Plane-strain fracture toughness

References

(1) Brown, W. F., Jr., and Srawley, J. E., “Plane Strain Crack

Toughness Testing of High Strength Metallic Materials,” ASTM

STP 410, ASTM, 1966, p.1.

(2) “Fracture Toughness Testing and Its Applications,” ASTM

STP 381, ASTM, April 1965, p.30.

(3) Srawley, J. E., “Wide Range Stress Intensity Factor

Expressions for ASTM E399 Standard Fracture Toughness

Specimens,” International Journal of Fracture Mechanics, Vol.

12, June 1976, p.475.

(4) Newman, J. C., “Stress Analysis of Compact Specimens

Including the Effects of Pin Loading,” ASTM STP 560, ASTM,

1974, p.105.

(5) Williams, J. G., “Fracture Mechanics of Polymers,” Ellis

Horwood/Wiley, 1985.

(6) Towers, O. L., “Stress Intensity Factors, Compliances and

Elastic η

Factors for Six Test Geometries,” The Welding Insti-

tute, March 1981.

IPC-TM-650

Number

2.4.52

Subject

Fracture Toughness of Resin Systems for Base Materials

Date

07/13

Revision

Page8of8

1 Scope This test method details the dye and pull proce-

dure (formerly known as dye and pry) utilizing dye penetrant

analysis of surface-mount technology (SMT) components to

confirm assembly process parameters and solder joint quality/

integrity.

This Test Method is for observation only, to determine the

existence of dye indications.

2 Applicable Documents

IPC-7095

Design and Assembly Process Implementation for

Ball Grid Arrays (BGAs)

3 Test Specimens The specimen is a SMT part soldered

to a board. Typically, this method is used on ball grid arrays

(BGAs) to evaluate their solder joint quality/integrity; however,

it also can be used on other SMT parts, such as bottom ter-

mination components (BTCs) and connectors.

4 Apparatus or Material

4.1

Recommended dye: Red Steel Dykem® or equivalent

4.1.1 Oil-based dyes are not recommended for this

procedure.

4.2 Vacuum pump and chamber (typically a mechanical

pump and bell jar)

4.2.1 Recommend metallurgical epoxy vacuum chamber

with vacuum gauge

4.3 Stereo microscope with digital camera

4.4 Baking oven capable of 100 °C

4.5 Cutting tool to section-out desired components from the

board without exerting excessive stress on the solder joints

4.5.1 Diamond sectioning saw recommended

4.6 JB Weld or equivalent structural adhesive strong enough

to bond the tee nut to the part package surface and withstand

the pull force

4.7 Tool to separate the component from the board

4.8 Compressed or canned air

4.9 Appropriate solvent (or solvent agreed upon between

the lab and the customer) for removal of flux residues remain-

ing on the board

4.10 General/assorted lab equipment (e.g., tongs, glass

beaker, cut-down plastic beaker, funnel, etc.)

4.11 Recommended safety equipment (e.g., fume hood,

gloves, eye protection, etc.)

4.12 Tee nuts appropriate to the size of the part

4.13 Sand paper (320 grit)

5 Procedure

5.1

Identify components to be dye and pull evaluated (con-

sult test plan).

5.2 Perform an initial visual examination of the selected SMT

part.

5.2.1 The initial visual examination is used to detect signs of

mechanical damage/stress. If flux is present, examine for

fractured/broken-up or disturbed flux around the SMT solder

joints (see Figure 1 and Figure 2).

5.2.2 If the SMT part required the use of corner-applied

adhesive and the adhesive is visible, examine and document

it per customer requirements to determine if dye and pull test-

ing is applicable. See IPC-7095 for additional guidance on the

proper use of corner-applied adhesive.

5.3 If the part has a heatsink, package metal heat spreader

or any other assembly that is attached, proceed as follows to

avoid inducing any mechanical stress into the solder joint.

5.3.1 Remove the heatsink. If there is any concern with the

proper method to remove an attached heatsink, it is highly

recommended that it be left in place until after the dye-drying

step (5.11).

3000 Lakeside Drive, Suite 105N

Bannockburn, IL 60015-1249

IPC-TM-650

TEST METHODS MANUAL

Number

2.4.53

Subject

Dye and Pull Test Method (Formerly Known as Dye

and Pry)

Date

8/2017

Revision

Originating Task Group

Bottom Termination Components (5-22k)

Material in this Test Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of IPC. This material is advisory only

and its use or adaptation is entirely voluntary. IPC disclaims all liability of any kind as to the use, application, or adaptation of this

material. Users are also wholly responsible for protecting themselves against all claims or liabilities for patent infringement.

Equipment referenced is for the convenience of the user and does not imply endorsement by IPC.

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5.3.2 If there is a metal heat spreader on the BGA, it must

be left in place until after the dye-drying step (5.11).

5.4 Section out the desired component area leaving about

19 mm to 38 mm [0.75 in to 1.5 in] of board around the part.

If the board is small enough to fit the pull fixture, leave the

board intact.

5.4.1 A diamond sectioning saw is recommended to per-

form this step. Other sectioning equipment (e.g., diamond

saw, milling tool, water jet, etc.) can be used if it does not

induce stress on the sample area.

5.5 A detailed visual examination under stereomicroscope is

required at this stage. If needed, clean the sectioned part with

only water and compressed air. It is important to not use sol-

vent for this step.

5.5.1 A thorough visual examination can detect signs of

mechanical damage/stress, which are indicated by fractured/

broken-up flux around the SMT solder joint (see Figure 1 and

Figure 2).

5.5.2 If the SMT part utilizes corner-applied adhesive which

was not easily visible before, examine it now. Document the

glue coverage per IPC-7095 or as determined between the

lab and the customer.

5.5.3 Document the findings in lab notes and with photos.

5.6 Clean any flux residue from around the SMT solder joints

using the appropriate flux remover.

Note: Isopropyl alcohol is not acceptable due to its inability to

dissolve flux.

5.6.1 The sectioned part/board area should be submerged

in liquid flux remover for at least one hour. The goal is to fully

remove the flux residue. The exact amount of time the part/

board is submerged depends on the sample conditions.

5.6.1.1 Approximately two to three times during soak, gen-

tly swirl the beaker containing the sectioned part for at least

20 seconds. This will aid the flux solvent in removing the flux

ring residue.

5.6.2 Reworked samples may require additional time in the

liquid flux remover.

5.6.3 Examine the sample under a microscope to determine

if additional time is needed to remove the flux ring.

5.6.4 After using the liquid flux remover, use a spray can flux

remover to thoroughly flush all four sides of the component.

5.6.4.1 Removing all flux residues and other particles/oils

enables the dye to penetrate the fractures.

5.6.4.2 Failure to completely remove the flux from around

the solder joint will prevent dye penetration and give false indi-

cations of a good solder joint.

5.7 Use low-pressure compressed air to blow off excess flux

solvent.

5.7.1 If desired, perform a final rinse with isopropyl alcohol

or acetone at this time.

5.8 Pour the dye into a small tray until the sectioned sample

is completely immersed in the dye.

5.8.1 If dye is being reused, ensure it has sufficient viscos-

ity. Viscosity is critical to the ability of the dye to penetrate into

cracks within the parts being dyed. If there are any concerns

with dye viscosity, discard the old dye and use fresh, new

dye.

5.9 Place the tray containing the sectioned sample into a

vacuum chamber.

5.9.1 Draw a 67.7 kPa [20 in Hg] vacuum for three to four

minutes.

5.9.2 Partially vent and then reapply vacuum to the chamber

to aid in dye penetration.

5.9.3 Leave the part submerged in dye for a minimum of 30

minutes with a constant vacuum of 67.7 kPa [20 in Hg].

5.9.3.1 Do not exceed 67.7 kPa [20 in Hg] of vacuum at any

time, or the dye will start to boil off.

5.10 Vent the vacuum chamber slowly and remove the

sample from the tray.

5.10.1 Allow the excess dye to drain off the sample.

IPC-TM-650

Number

2.4.53

Subject

Dye and Pull Test Method (Formerly Known as Dye and Pry)

Date

8/2017

Revision

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