IPC-TM-650 EN 2022 试验方法.pdf - 第60页

1.0 Scope A method for determining the presence of pin- holes in metal foil by visual examination after applying a dye penetrant. 2.0 Applicable Documents None 3.0 Test Specimen Specimen must be a minimum of 12 in. long …

6.4 Horizontal Microsection A performance standard

may require, for referee inspections (such as smear, breakout,

interconnect separations, etc.), a horizontal grind (perpendicu-

lar to the original vertical plane) on a vertical microsection. This

method has a low success rate when the separation affects

less than 50% of the internal layer thickness (as noted on the

vertical microsection).

6.5 Etchants There are other etchant solutions that have

been used or that may be developed for etching copper. Care

must be exercised in their selection and use because of the

sensitive nature of the electrolytic, electroless, and foil etching

characteristics as well as possible galvanic effects in the pres-

ence of tin-lead (see Section 7, Reference 2, and IPC-MS-

810).

When studying tin-lead solders, it is sometimes helpful to use

etchants specifically designed to reveal those alloy’s micro-

structures (see Section 7, Reference 2).

7 References

Additional references on metallographic laboratory practice

include the following:

1) Metallographic Polishing by Mechanical Means, L.E.

Samuels, American Society for Metals, 1982, ISBN:

0-87170- 135-9.

2) Metallographic Etching, Gunter Petzow, American Society

for Metals, 1978, ISBN 0-87170-002-9.

3) Metallography Principles and Practice, George F. Vander

Voort, McGraw-Hill, 1984, ISBN: 0-07-0669780-8.

4) Metals Handbook Desk Edition, Edited by Howard E.

Boyer and Timothy L. Gall, American Society for Metals,

1985, ISBN: 0-87170-188-X.

IPC-TM-650

Number

2.1.1

Subject

Microsectioning, Manual and Semi or Automatic Method

Date

6/15

Revision

Page8of8

1.0

Scope

method for determining the presence of pin-

holes in metal foil by visual examination after applying a dye

penetrant.

2.0

Applicable Documents

None

3.0

Test Specimen

Specimen

must be a minimum of 12 in.

long by the full width of the roll or sheet to perform the dye

penetration test.

4.0

Apparatus

4.1

Magnaflux

Cleaner SKC-HF and penetrant SKL-HF and

suitable brush or roller for application. (See note below.)

4.2

Microscope

and suitable magnification device having a

reticle capable of measuring an area of 0.005 in. diameter.

5.0

Procedure

5.1 Cleaning

Clean the untreated side of the metal foil with

Magnaflux Spot Check Cleaner SKC-NF followed by a thor-

ough wiping action.

5.2

Dye Application

Apply

Magnaflux Penetrant SKL-HF

to the cleaned side of the metal.

5.3

Pinhole Evaluation

This

test is performed by counting

the number of dye spots on the treated side of the metal foil

which indicates passage of the dye penetrant through the

metal foil and measuring the size of pinholes.

6.0 Notes

The Magnaflux Chemicals may be obtained from

the Magnaflux Corporation, 7300 W. Lawrence Avenue,

Chicago, Illinois 60656.

The

Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits

2215 Sanders Road • Northbrook, IL 60062-6135

IPC-TM-650

TEST METHODS MANUAL

Number

2.1.2

Subject

Pinhole

Evaluation, Dye Penetration Method

Date

3/76

Revision

Originating Task Group

N/A

Material

in this Test Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of the IPC. This material is advisory only

and its use or adaptation is entirely voluntary. IPC disclaims all liability of any kind as to the use, application, or adaptation of this

material. Users are also wholly responsible for protecting themselves against all claims or liabilities for patent infringement.

Equipment referenced is for the convenience of the user and does not imply endorsement by the IPC.

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Scope

After

selective chemical removal of the glass-

epoxy from around the through hole and its associated cir-

cuitry, an examination can be made with a microscope of the

plated-through hole (PTH), pad, and conductor at any angle.

Applicable Documents

None

Test Specimen

The

specimen is a part of a glass-epoxy

multilayer or double-sided PCB, which contains a PTH and its

associated interconnected circuitry, which is selected for

closer examination.

Apparatus

4.1

fume hood is to be used, due to the corrosive chemi-

cals used for this evaluation.

4.2

microscope, capable to examine the specimen at

magnifications of 50X to 100X

4.3

stirring hot plate, capable of maintaining a temperature

at 50°C.

4.4

Equipment

The

following equipment is needed to per-

form this test:

• Goggles

• Face mask

• Acid resistant apron or coat

• Acid resistant respirator

• Polyethylene beaker

• Polyvinyl chloride gloves

• Pyrex (glass) beaker

• Sodium dichromate sulfuric acid (Sp. Gr. 1.84)

• Support stand

• Hydrofluoric acid (48%)

• Thermometer

• Utility clamp

• Thermometer clamp

Procedure

Caution: Hydrofluoric and fluosulfonic acids and their vapors

are extremely toxic and corrosive. They should never be

opened or handled except with full protective clothing and

under a fume hood.

5.1

Reagents

For

the sulfuric chromic solution, take 35 ml

of a saturated sodium dichromate (Na

)

solution and

add 1 liter of concentrated sulfuric acid (H

)

in a Pyrex

vessel immersed in a cold water bath. In a polyethylene bea-

ker, make a fluosulfonic acid mixture using one part by weight

of sulfuric acid (H

)

and three parts by weight of hydrof-

luoric acid (H.F. 48%).

5.2

Immersion

a Pyrex beaker of predetermined size,

add enough sulfuric chromic solution to completely immerse

the specimen. Heat the solution to 50°C on a hot plate and

immerse the specimen. After the reaction is completed (the

disappearance of small bubbles), remove the specimen and

rinse in distilled water. Remove excess water with a tissue and

immerse the specimen in a fluosulfonic acid mixture at room

temperature. After two minutes, remove the specimen from

the fluosulfonic acid mixture, rinse in distilled water, and

remove excess water with a tissue. Repeat this process until

the desired amount of exposed circuitry is obtained.

5.3

Test Evaluation

Examine

the specimen under the

microscope and observe the structure and condition of the

PTH, interconnections, and layer-to-layer registration.

6 Notes

Fluosulfonic

acid must always be contained in a

polyethylene beaker.

2215

Sanders Road

Northbrook, IL 60062-6135

IPC-TM-650

TEST

METHODS MANUAL

Number

2.1.3

Subject

Plated-Through

Hole Structure Evaluation

Date

8/76

Revision

Originating Task Group

N/A

Material

in this Test Methods Manual was voluntarily established by Technical Committees of the IPC. This material is advisory only

and its use or adaptation is entirely voluntary. IPC disclaims all liability of any kind as to the use, application, or adaptation of this

material. Users are also wholly responsible for protecting themselves against all claims or liabilities for patent infringement.

Equipment referenced is for the convenience of the user and does not imply endorsement by the IPC.

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