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SEMI F74-1103 © SEMI 2002, 2003 3 MFC’s, and va lves) are mount ed onto a flat substrate which defin es the flow path of the gas. The sealing system wi ll commonly be lo cated at various locations within the interface pl…
SEMI F74-1103 © SEMI 2002, 2003 2
ISO 14644-4 — Cleanrooms and associated controlled
environments -- Part 4: Design, construction and start-
up
NOTICE: Unless otherwise indicated, all documents
cited shall be the latest published versions.
5 Terminology
5.1 Abbreviations and Acronyms
5.1.1 atm — atmosphere
5.1.2 cc — cubic centimeter
5.1.3 ft-lbs — foot-pounds (force)
5.1.4 kPa — kiloPascal
5.1.5 MFC — Mass Flow Controller
5.1.6 mPa — megaPascal
5.1.7 N — Newton
5.1.8 Nm — Newton meters
5.1.9 Pa — Pascal
5.1.10 psig — pounds per square inch (gauge pressure)
5.2 Definitions
5.2.1 cap block — a seal-specific component fixture
specially made to mate with a respective seal-system
substrate block for testing purposes.
5.2.2 Class 100 — a cleanroom designation defined by
Federal Standard 209E (ISO 14644-1,2,4 equivalent)
which designates that each cubic foot (SI equivalent
cubic meter) of air can have no more that 100 particles
at a size of 0.5µm or larger.
5.2.3 component — an individual piece or a complete
assembly of individual pieces capable of being joined
with other pieces or components.
5.2.4 connector block — a seal-specific substrate block
fixture made to mate with a respective seal-system cap
or flow-through block for testing purposes.
5.2.5 Conventional System — a gas system utilizing
tubing and standard face seal type weld fittings joined
together using orbital TIG welding.
5.2.6 design pressure — of a system or subsystem, the
pressure at the most severe condition of internal and
external pressure for which it is appropriate (as defined
by the designer) to use the system or subsystem.
5.2.7 dummy — a term meant to denote an imitation of
a real or original object. In this case, the original object
would be a modular surface mount valve.
5.2.8 finger-tight — where a particular joining
apparatus (seal-system) is compressed/torqued to the
point where one would need a tool of some sort to
apply further force.
5.2.9 fixture — a device specially designed and
manufactured for a particular seal-system and
performance test. Sample performance testing fixtures
can be seen in Related Information 1.
5.2.10 flow-through — a term used to signify that the
configuration of a given fixture or substrate must allow
for gas to pass through from an inlet interface point to
an outlet interface point. A flow-through device allows
one to make flow calculations and obtain particle
counts.
5.2.11 hydrostatic leak — a leak or leak test performed
by applying isostatic pressure via some sort of liquid
phase media (i.e. hydraulic fluid, water).
5.2.12 inboard leak rate — leakage rate expressed in
Pa.m³ /s (atm cc/sec) from outside to inside occurring
when an internal pressure is less than the external
pressure acting on the component or system. Inboard
leakage is typically determined by introducing a tracer
gas around the exterior of the piping system or
component under test.
5.2.13 leak — a path (or paths) in a sealed system that
will pass tracer gas when a pressure differential or
diffusion path exists. There are two leak mechanisms: a
mechanical passage and a material through which a gas
can diffuse or permeate. A leak may have both
mechanisms operating in parallel.
5.2.14 outboard leak rate — leakage rate expressed in
Pa.m³ /s (atm
⋅
cc/sec) occurring from inside to outside
when an internal pressure is greater than the external
pressure acting on the component or system. Outboard
leakage is typically determined by introducing a tracer
gas into the interior of the piping system or component
under test.
5.2.15 retainer — a holding mechanism to keep a seal
in place.
5.2.16 seal — a device (i.e. gasket, O-ring, etc.) that
joins two elements or systems so as to prevent leakage.
5.2.17 sealing system — a system that consists of two
mating surfaces (e.g. component/ substrate), seal(s),
fasteners (screws), and any necessary hardware (e.g.
seal retainer).
5.2.18 substrate — the block consisting of machined
passage(s) which define the flow path of a gas. Gas
control components are attached to certain areas on the
substrate block with gas seals at the interface.
5.2.19 Surface-mounted Gas Systems — term used to
denote the gas distribution technology where surface-
mounted gas components (e.g. filters, regulators,
SEMI F74-1103 © SEMI 2002, 2003 3
MFC’s, and valves) are mounted onto a flat substrate
which defines the flow path of the gas. The sealing
system will commonly be located at various locations
within the interface plane between component and
substrate.
5.2.20 test pressure — the pressure at which a sealing
system is hydrostatically tested. The test pressure is
commonly defined as 1.5 times the maximum design
pressure.
5.2.21 vibration table — a mechanized table that will
vibrate with a controlled frequency, direction(s), and
amplitude. It is commonly used for vibration testing.
6 Significance and Use
6.1 The following tests shall be performed on seals
which have been assembled into a test fixture similar to
the fixtures described in Related Information 1. These
fixtures are not intended to duplicate an entire gas
system, but are established to evaluate seals only.
6.2 All sealing surfaces and fastening systems shall be
manufactured in strict accordance with seal
manufacturer’s instructions and requirements. In
addition, seals shall be handled and installed per seal
manufacturer’s instructions.
7 Universal Test Methods
The tests listed in this section shall be performed as a
minimum for all sealing systems. This section defines
tests that pertain to both surface-mounted and
conventional gas sealing systems.
NOTE 1: Refer to the Related Information section for
conventional and surface-mount test fixtures.
7.1 Sample configuration shall be defined prior to
testing for each section and noted with test results.
7.2 Helium Leak Tests, Operating and Proof Pressure
7.2.1 Inboard Helium Leak Test
7.2.1.1 Testing shall be conducted per test methods and
procedures outlined in SEMI F1 test methods at room
temperature.
7.2.1.2 Sample quantity: 20
7.2.2 Outboard Helium Leak Test and Proof Test
7.2.2.1 Testing shall be conducted per procedures
outlined in SEMI F1 method 2 and the following
paragraphs.
7.2.2.2 Assemble the sample per manufacturer’s
instructions.
7.2.2.3 Connect the leak detector to the vacuum
chamber and evacuate the chamber.
NOTE 2: The chamber must be equipped with over pressure
protection in the event of failure.
7.2.2.4 Gradually increase pressure of the test
assembly to manufacturer’s maximum rated working
pressure and hold for two minutes. If leakage beyond
acceptance requirements occurs at anytime during
testing, note the pressure and leak rate and discontinue
testing of that sample.
7.2.2.5 Continue increasing pressure to 1.5× the
manufacturer’s maximum rated working pressure and
hold for five minutes. Reduce the pressure back to the
maximum rated working pressure and note the leak rate
at this pressure.
7.2.2.6 Sample quantity: 4
NOTE 3: Outboard leak testing should be completed on only
the referenced 4 samples. All subsequent leak testing required
in conjunction with other testing should be inboard only.
7.3 Hydraulic Burst Test
7.3.1 Assemble the test sample per manufacturer’s
instructions.
7.3.2 Attach the sample to a hydraulic pressure source
using qualified high pressure connections.
7.3.3 Samples shall be tested within an enclosure
suitably designed to protect personnel from failure.
7.3.4 Test medium
shall be water or hydraulic fluid.
7.3.5 Gradually increase pressure to maximum rated
working pressure and hold for one minute.
7.3.6 Gradually increase pressure until failure, or 4x
manufacturer’s rated working pressure is reached.
7.3.7 Sample quantity: 4
7.4 Temperature Cycle Test Method
7.4.1 Perform an initial inboard leak test on the sealing
system in accordance with Section 7.2.1.
7.4.2 Install the plumbing and test sample apparatus
with test sample(s) installed into a temperature
controlled chamber. Attach a thermocouple to the
exterior of the apparatus adjacent to the test sample.
7.4.3 Heat the chamber until the temperature indicated
by the thermocouple is 100 + 10/-0°C. Hold 10
minutes after the temperature stabilizes, then perform
an inboard leak test in accordance with
Section 7.2.1.
7.4.4 Cool the chamber until the temperature indicated
by the thermocouple is –10 + 0/-10°C and perform an
inboard leak in accordance with
Section 7.2.1 while at
temperature.
NOTE 4: If the seal is intended for outdoor service,
refrigerate the test apparatus to –54 + 0/-10°C.
SEMI F74-1103 © SEMI 2002, 2003 4
7.4.5 Repeat Sections 7.4.1 through Section 7.4.4 for a
total of 5 cycles.
7.4.6 Sample quantity: 3 samples
7.5 Repeatability of Sealing System
7.5.1 Photograph mating surfaces at 10×
magnification.
7.5.2 Perform initial inboard leak test on sealing
system per Section 7.2.1.
7.5.3 A sequence of 10 make and remake cycles shall
be performed on the same sealing system.
NOTE 5: Replace seal after each cycle if recommended by
manufacturer.
7.5.4 Perform internal leak test per Section 7.2.1 after
each make and remake cycle.
7.5.5 Record all visible damage of the mating surfaces
in the form of scratches, burrs, or other particles
photographed after the different intervals at 10x
magnification.
7.5.6 Repeat Section 7.5.2 through Section 7.5.4 three
additional times using a new set of mating surfaces
each time.
NOTE 6: Replace seal after each cycle if recommended by
manufacturer.
7.6 Shock and Vibration Test Method
7.6.1 This test is designed to evaluate the effects of
random accelerations and sustained vibrations during
shipment of gas systems.
7.6.2 Install seals and assemble per manufacturer’s
instructions. Refer to Figures R1-1, R1-2a~ c, and R1-
3a~ c for test fixtures.
7.6.3 Perform inboard leak test per Section 7.2.1.
7.6.4 Conduct shock test per MIL-STD-810E, Method
516.4, Section I-3.1a), procedure I (functional shock),
using terminal-peak saw-tooth shock pulse for ground
equipment operation test.
7.6.5 Perform inboard leak test per Section 7.2.1.
7.6.6 Conduct vibration test per MIL-STD-810E,
Method 514.4, procedure 1 (basic transportation). Test
duration: 1 hour per 1,609 km (1000 miles) of
transportation in each directional axis.
7.6.7 Perform inboard leak test per Section 7.2.1.
7.6.8 Sample quantity: 3
7.7 Seal Preload Safety Factor
7.7.1 This test evaluates the effects of under-tightening
and over-tightening a seal connection.
7.7.2 Install seal and assemble to 80% of the
manufacturer’s sealing load (e.g. torque).
7.7.3 Perform inboard leak test per Section 7.2.1.
7.7.4 Disassemble and repeat using a new seal for each
test.
7.7.5 Sample quantity: 3
7.7.6 Using the same components, install a new seal
and assemble to 120% of the manufacturer’s sealing
load.
7.7.7 Perform inboard leak test per Section 7.2.1. and
note any form of deformation or damage to the seal
connection. Replace connection for subsequent tests if
connection is damaged.
7.7.8 Disassemble and repeat using a new seal for each
test.
7.7.9 Sample quantity: 3
7.8 Torsion Test
7.8.1 This test is designed to measure whether the
sealing system can maintain leak integrity when torque
is applied to an adjacent component or position.
7.8.2 Install seal and assemble per manufacturer’s
instructions. Refer to Figures R1-1, R1-2a~ c, and R1-
3a~ c for test fixtures.
7.8.3 Place a stationary digital torque wrench on the
adjacent component position to measure the torque
applied as make up takes place. Location of placement
is seen in Figure R1-1.
7.8.4 Test per Section 7.2.1.
7.8.5 Rotate the adjacent component in a clockwise
direction until 57.6 cm-kgf (50 in-lbf; 5.649 Nm) torque
is measured on the stationary torque wrench.
7.8.6 Test per Section 7.2.1.
7.8.7 Rotate the adjacent component in a
counterclockwise direction until 57.6 cm-kgf (50 in-lbf;
5.649 Nm) torque is measured on the stationary torque
wrench.
7.8.8 Test per Section 7.2.1.
7.8.9 Repeat 7.8.5 through 7.8.8 with 115.2 cm-kgf
(100 in-lbf; 66.355 Nm) torque.
7.8.10 Sample quantity: 3
7.9 Surface Defect Test
7.9.1 This test method is for evaluating the robustness
of sealing technologies for gas delivery systems used in
semiconductor manufacturing against surface defects
which could occur during normal handling in the field.