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SEMI S10-1103 © SEMI 1996, 2003 10 27.1.5 inadequate holdi ng devices/acc essories 27.1.6 collision of more th an one machine 27.2 from access of persons to load support 27.3 from derailment 27.4 from insufficient mechan…

SEMI S10-1103 © SEMI 1996, 2003 9

8.8 Inadequate design or location of visual display

units

9 Combination of Hazards

10 Unexpected start-up unexpected over-run/over-

speed (or any similar malfunction) from:

10.1 Failure/disorder of the control system

10.2 Restoration of energy supply after an interruption

10.3 External influences on electrical equipment

10.4 Other external influences (gravity, wind, etc.)

10.5 Errors in the software

10.6 Errors made by the operator (due to mismatch of

machinery with human characteristics and

abilities, see 8.6)

11 Impossibility of stopping the machine in the best

possible conditions

12 Variations in the rotational speed of tools

13 Failure of the power supply

14 Failure of the control circuits

15 Errors of fitting

16 Break-up during operation

17 Falling or ejected objects or fluids

18 Loss of stability / overturning of machinery

19 Slip, trip and fall of persons (related to

machinery)

Additional hazards, hazardous situation and hazardous events

due to mobility

20 Relating to the traveling function

20.1 Movement when starting the engine

20.2 Movement without a driver at the driving position

20.3 Movement without all parts in safe position

20.4 Excessive speed of pedestrian controlled

machinery

20.5 Excessive oscillations when moving

20.6 Insufficient ability of machinery to be slowed

down, stopped and immobilized

21 Linked to the work position (including driving

station) on the machine

21.1 Fall of persons during access to (or at/from) the

work position

21.2 Exhaust gases/lack of oxygen at the work position

21.3 Fire (flammability of the cab, lack of

extinguishing means)

21.4 Mechanical hazards at the work position:

contact with the wheels

rollover

fall of objects, penetration by objects

break-up of parts rotating at high speed

contact of persons with machine parts or tools

(pedestrian controlled machines)

21.5 Insufficient visibility from the work positions

21.6 Inadequate lighting

21.7 Inadequate seating

21.8 Noise at the work position

21.9 Vibration at the work position

21.10 Insufficient means for evacuation/emergency exit)

22 Due to the control system

22.1 Inadequate location of manual controls

22.2 Inadequate design of manual controls and their

mode of operation

22.3 Inadequate explanation of the use of the controls

23 From handling the machine (lack of stability)

24 Due to the power source and to the transmission

of power

24.1 Hazards from the engine and the batteries

24.2 Hazards from transmission of power between

machines

24.3 Hazards from coupling and towing

25 From/to third persons

25.1 Unauthorized start-up/use

25.2 Drift of a part away from its stopping position

25.3 Lack or inadequacy of visual or acoustic warning

means

26 Insufficient instructions for the driver/operator

Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous

events due to lifting

27 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events

27.1 from load falls, collisions, machine topping

caused by:

27.1.1 lack of stability

27.1.2 uncontrolled loading – overloading – overturning

moments exceeded

27.1.3 uncontrolled amplitude of movements

27.1.4 unexpected/unintended movement of loads

SEMI S10-1103 © SEMI 1996, 2003 10

27.1.5 inadequate holding devices/accessories

27.1.6 collision of more than one machine

27.2 from access of persons to load support

27.3 from derailment

27.4 from insufficient mechanical strength of parts

27.5 from inadequate design of pulleys, drums

27.6 from inadequate selection of chains, ropes, lifting

and accessories and their inadequate integration

into the machine

27.7 from lowering of the load under the control of

friction brake

27.8 from abnormal conditions of

assembly/testing/use/maintenance

27.9 from the effect of load on persons (impact by load

or counterweight)

28 Electrical hazards

28.1 from lightning

29 Hazards generated by neglecting ergonomic

principles

29.1 insufficient visibility from the driving position

Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous

events due to underground work

30 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:

30.1 Lack of stability of powered roof supports

30.2 Failing accelerator or brake control of machinery

running on rails

30.3 Failing or lack of deadman’s control of machinery

running on rails

31 Restricted movement of persons

32 Fire and explosion

33 Emission of dust, gases etc.

Additional hazards, hazardous situations and hazardous

events due to the lifting or moving of persons

34 Mechanical hazards and hazardous events due to:

34.1 Inadequate mechanical strength – inadequate

working coefficients

34.2 Failing of loading control

34.3 Failing of controls in person carrier (function,

priority)

34.4 Overspeed of person carrier

35 Falling of person from person carrier

36 Falling or overturning of person carrier

37 Human error, human behavior

38 Seismic hazards

39 Inadequate hazard warnings

RELATED INFORMATION 2

HAZARD ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES

NOTICE: This related information is not an official part of SEMI S10 and is not intended to modify or supersede

the official guideline. It has been derived from practical application by the task force members. Publication is

authorized by the vote of the responsible committee April 2, 2003.

R2-1 Hazard Analysis Techniques

R2-1.1 Introduction

R2-1.1.1 This related information gives an overview of several hazard analysis techniques that can be used. Each

technique has its own limitation or is developed for a special type of risk assessment. For each technique a short

description of the technique and a reference, if available, is given. Of course, it is not possible to list all techniques

in this overview.

R2-1.1.2 Analysis techniques: the choice of analysis technique depends upon the goal of the analysis. Two basic

types of techniques exist:

R2-1.1.2.1 Top-down (deductive) techniques are suitable for determining the initiating events that can lead to

identify top events, and calculating the probability of top events from the probability of the initiating events. They

can also be used to investigate the consequences of identified multiple failures. An Example of top-down techniques

is Fault Tree Analysis (FTA, see IEC 61025).

R2-1.1.2.2 Bottom-up (inductive) techniques are suitable for investigating the consequence of identified single

failures. Examples of bottom-up techniques are Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA, see IEC 812) and

Failure Modes, Effects and Criticality Analysis (FMECA, see MIL-STD-1629A).

Table R2-1 Overview of Analysis Techniques and Area of Use

When to use Where to Use

Technique

Before

malfunction

After

malfunction

Process Work place Machine Organization

Work Safety analysis X - - X - -

What-If X - X X X -

MORT X X - - - X

Checklists X X X X X X

Action Error Analysis X - - - X -

HAZOP X - X - X -

FMEA X - X - X -

Event Tree Analysis X - X X X -

Fault Tree Analysis X X X X X -

Circuit Logic Analysis X X X - - -

Interface Analysis X - X - X -

Mapping X - - - X -

Procedure Analysis X X - X - X

Contingency Analysis X - - X - X

Mathematical Malfunction analysis X - X X X -

Work Space analysis X - X - X

Task Analysis X X - X X -