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SEMI S8-0705 © SEMI 1995, 2005 35 RELATED INFORMATION 5 CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS NOTICE : This related i nformati on is not an official part of SEMI S8 and is not intended to m odify or supersede the official guideli nes. I…
SEMI S8-0705 © SEMI 1995, 2005 34
RELATED INFORMATION 4
HAZARD ALERTS, LABELS, AND ALARMS
NOTICE: This related information is not an official part of SEMI S8 and is not intended to modify or supersede the
official guidelines. It was derived from the work of the originating task force. Publication was authorized by full
ballot procedures. Determination of the suitability of the material is solely the user’s responsibility.
R4-1 Hazard Alerts
R4-1.1 Potential hazards to the user, equipment, or product should be identified and documented. An evaluation
should be made as to the appropriate method(s) of alert, alert content, and location. More than one method of hazard
alert may be necessary. Refer to SEMI S1.
R4-1.2 Hazard alerts should be consistent with information provided in operator and maintenance manuals and
other training information materials.
R4-1.3 Hazard alerts can be provided by labels, signs, placards, visual alerts, auditory alarms, status indicators, or
hazard alert systems integral with the equipment’s operating system (e.g., displayed through the video display).
R4-1.4 Hazard alerts and fault messages should be specific and communicate the consequences of engaging
hazards.
R4-2 Labels
R4-2.1 Hazard alert labels should be located such that they are readily visible to the intended viewer and alert the
viewer to the potential hazard in time to take appropriate action.
R4-3 Audible Alarms
R4-3.1 To avoid noise pollution, alarms should be reserved for situations requiring immediate intervention to
prevent personal injury, equipment damage, process disruption, or product damage.
R4-3.2 Alarm design should take into account impairments that may be caused by clothing and hearing and eye
protection.
R4-3.3 Users should be provided with an input device for acknowledging and canceling alarms without erasing
information that accompanies the alarm. The capability to cancel alarms should be evaluated for its impact on
safety.
R4-3.4 Alarm decibel levels will require a setpoint above the background noise levels sufficient to meet local
regulations.
SEMI S8-0705 © SEMI 1995, 2005 35
RELATED INFORMATION 5
CONTROLS AND DISPLAYS
NOTICE: This related information is not an official part of SEMI S8 and is not intended to modify or supersede the
official guidelines. It was derived from the work of the originating task force. Publication was authorized by full
ballot procedures. Determination of the suitability of the material is solely the user’s responsibility.
R5-1 General Considerations
R5-1.1 The selection and/or design of controls and displays should be based on careful analysis of equipment
functionality requirements. This will determine what information the operator needs to make appropriate decisions
and responses, thus reducing potential design-induced error.
R5-1.2 Potential errors due to inattention, stress, fatigue, sensory overload, etc., need to be considered during
system design. This can be accomplished by ensuring that critical controls and displays attract the user’s attention
and that controls and displays are clearly labeled and arranged to reduce confusion. Whenever possible, functionally
related controls and displays should be grouped together.
R5-1.3 Appropriate feedback should be provided for system status, mode of operation, operator input actions, and
equipment malfunctions.
R5-1.4 Controls and displays should be clearly labeled/identified by function. Controls and displays can be coded
by color, size, shape, or location to help discriminate between functions and identify critical information. Colors
should be in accordance with NFPA 79 and EN 60204-1.
R5-1.5 Placement of labels should be consistent on pieces of equipment (e.g., either below or above controls and
displays).
R5-1.6 To accommodate color blind users, color should be supplemental to other means of coding such as icons,
words, flashing, shape, etc.
R5-2 Controls
R5-2.1 In general, the design of controls should consider the following criteria:
R5-2.2 Control movement or activation should be compatible with users’ expectations and provide positive
evidence that an input has been accepted or that control action is being accomplished. Feedback can be visual,
auditory, tactile, or a combination thereof.
R5-2.3 Controls should be designed and located to minimize awkward postures.
R5-2.4 Controls should be designed, positioned, or protected to prevent inadvertent actuation.
R5-2.5 The maximum width of frequently used control panels should be 68.6 cm (27 in.).
R5-2.6 Controls should be located away from chemical, thermal, radiation, electrical, or mechanical hazards. If
such a location cannot be avoided, controls should be appropriately shielded and labeled.
R5-2.7 Control force requirements should be designed in accordance with HumanScale, NFPA 79, EN 60204-1, or
another recognized standard.
R5-3 Visual Displays
R5-3.1 The type of visual display selected should depend on the nature of information conveyed and conditions of
use. The effectiveness and utility of a visual display generally depends on visibility, legibility, and meaningfulness.
R5-3.2 Further information may be found in MIL-STD-1472 for non-VDT displays, and ISO 9241 for VDTs.
R5-3.3 The visibility of a display is determined by the viewing distance, the size of the display, the location, angle
of view, local illumination characteristics, obstructions, or reflections.
R5-3.4 Critical and frequently used displays should be placed in the operator’s primary viewing area.
SEMI S8-0705 © SEMI 1995, 2005 36
R5-3.5 The display should be positioned so the user has a clear line of sight. Displays should not be located where
they are obstructed (by controls, equipment, body parts, etc.) or subject to glare. Display viewing should not require
awkward body postures.
R5-3.6 The legibility of a display is determined primarily by its visual angle and luminance contrast with the
background.
R5-3.7 There should be sufficient contrast between the object, letters, or numbers on a display to separate them
from the background, minimum ratio 3:1, preferred is 7:1 (ISO 9241). Too much contrast may result in glare.
R5-3.8 The ability of displayed information to communicate with the user clearly and precisely depends on the
amount of information displayed. Display design should emphasize simplicity and usability to:
R5-3.8.1 Reduce error and decrease response time.
R5-3.8.2 Provide only the amount of information necessary and only at a level of precision required.
R5-3.8.3 Display content in a directly usable form with no transformation required.
R5-4 Auditory Displays
R5-4.1 Auditory coding or signals may be used to alert a user to critical conditions or operations. Auditory coding
should be supplementary to visual coding. Auditory displays can be used effectively when:
R5-4.1.1 Vision is overburdened or degraded,
R5-4.1.2 The message requires immediate action,
R5-4.1.3 The job requires the operator or maintainer to move around frequently,
R5-4.1.4 The message is simple and short,
R5-4.1.5 The message signals an event in time, or
R5-4.1.6 The message does not need to be referred to later.
R5-5 Control - Display Relationships
R5-5.1 The relationship between associated controls and displays (their organization and layout) is critical to
optimizing system performance and minimizing operator error.
R5-5.2 Controls and displays should be organized into functional groups and positioned according to criticality,
sequence of operation, and frequency of use.
R5-5.3 Control-display compatibility refers to the extent to which the relationship between a control operation and
its effect is predictable by the user. Predictability is determined by individual and population cultural stereotypes
(user expectations, previous experience, an idea of the way equipment works, etc.). Lack of compatibility degrades
speed, accuracy of performance, and increases probability of error. Types of compatibility include sequential
arrangement, spatial organization, and direction of movement. Technology transfer and utilization by a multi-
cultural or multi-ethnic work force, as well as across global user populations should consider the impact of cultural
and behavioral stereotypes.
R5-5.4 Display layout, control location, and operation should be similar throughout a particular type and/or model
of equipment or system. Consistency is particularly important for color, shape, and size of controls, scale markings
on displays, and labeling.